Management of Common Infections & Current Antimicrobial Prescribing & Resistance Patterns

examples of URTIs

pharyngitis, tonsillitis, laryngitis

examples of LRTIs

bronchitis, pneumonia

examples of lowers UTIs

what are the main causative organisms of URTIs?

Viruses (≈40%) & streptococci (≈25%) – mostly S. pyogenes

symptoms of Streptococcal infection

fever, sore throat, enlarged lymph glands and

bright red pharynx & uvula - may be pus

symptoms of viral pharyngitis

Usually mild with variable associated symptoms e.g. glandular fever

investigations for URTIs?

Rapid latex agglutination tests for streptococci & immunofluorescence for

viruses

What is pneumonia?

diagnostic tools of pneumonia?

based on signs and symptoms (cough, fever, sputum, SOB, chest pain/discomfort)

- confirmed by chest X-ray

what are the 3 classifications of pneumonia?

anatomical, bacteriological and clinical

what is the severity assessment for pneumonia in primary care?

CRB-65

what is the severity assessment for pneumonia in hospital care?

CURB-65 score

what are the investigations for moderate-high severity CAP?

• Take blood & sputum cultures

• Consider pneumococcal & legionella urinary antigen tests

• Chest X-ray (within 4hrs)

causative organisms of CAP- typical/classical?

usually caused by S. pneumoniae but can be due to

Haemophilus influenzae

what organisms causes atypical pneumonia?

Mycoplasma pneumoniae,

Chlamydia pneumoniae or, more rarely, Legionella pneumophila

describe classical lobar pneumonia

describe atypical pneumonia

what is HAP (criteria)?

what are the causative organisms of HAP?

E. coli, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, also MRSA

what are the investigations for HAP?

examples of uncomplicated UTIs?

cystitis in an adult, non-pregnant woman

example of a complicated UTIs?

infections in pregnancy, children, men, sites

other than the bladder, or with structural or functional defects

causative organisms of lower UTIs?

e.coli

clinical syndromes of lower UTIs?

Cellulitis / erysipelas are ...

Skin & soft tissue infections

what is the difference between cellulitis and erysipelas?

• Erysipelas affects the superficial dermis

• Cellulitis reflects deeper dermal involvement

what are the common causes of Cellulitis / erysipelas?

Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus

1st line treatment of HAP?

Co-amoxiclav 500/125mg TDS 5/7

clinical presentation of Cellulitis / erysipelas?

Redness, pain, swelling & heat [rubor, dolor, tumour, calor]

What can you expect from patient examination with suspected Cellulitis / erysipelas?