Sound Waves & Simple Harmonic Motion

Flashcards based on lecture notes on sound waves and simple harmonic motion.

To oscillate between two points a back and forth motion

Vibration

What two properties allow a spring-mass system to continue to vibrate? (fill in the blank)

Inertia and elasticity.

Energy that travels from point to point particles do not travel

Wave

The two primary types of waves are:

Transverse and Longitudinal.

In a transverse wave, the direction of vibration of the medium relative to the direction of propagation is:

90 degrees.

In a longitudinal wave, the direction of particle movement relative to the wave movement is:

Parallel.

In longitudinal waves caused by a tuning fork, the areas of high and low pressure are called:

Compression and rarefaction

Simple harmonic motion can be represented as:

Projected uniform circular motion.

A waveform shows:

A change in a quantity over time.

In uniform circular motion, how many degrees equal one cycle? (fill in the blank)

360 degrees.

In the projection of uniform circular motion, at what degrees of rotation is displacement at its maximum (x_{max})?

90 and 270 degrees.

What determines the shape of a sine wave? (fill in the blank)

The sine of a given angle.

Simple harmonic motion can be called:

Sinusoidal motion.

Sound is a:

A pressure wave.

What are the five dimensions of sine waves? (fill in the blank)

Amplitude, Frequency, Period, Phase, Wavelength

magnitude of the sound wave related to sound pressure

. Amplitude

Name three different types/definitions of amplitude discussed.

Instantaneous amplitude (a), Maximum amplitude (A), Peak to Peak amplitude

What unit is intensity measured in? (fill in the blank)

Decibels (dB).

Name three different decibel measurements. (fill in the blank)

dB IL (intensity level), dB SPL (sound pressure level), dB HL (hearing level).

The perceptual correlate related to amplitude is:

Loudness.

:The rate in Hertz (Hz) at which a sinusoid repeats itself; rate of vibration of the sound source

frequency

Frequency is measured in:

Hertz (Hz) = cycles per second.

What two properties of a spring-mass system determine frequency?

Mass and stiffness.

How does increase in mass affect frequency?

It decreases the rate of vibration.

How does increase in stiffness affect frequency?

It increases the rate of vibration.

What happens to wavelength as frequency increases?

Wavelength decreases.

the frequency at which system oscillates freely

natural frequency

What factor determines on the frequency of vibration of air molecules?

The frequency of vibration of the source.

The time required to complete one cycle

Period (T)

Frequency: Hz to kHz - divide by ____, kHz to Hz – multiply by ____; Period: s to ms – multiply by ____, ms to s – divide by ____. (fill in the blank)

Frequency: Hz to kHz - divide by 1000, kHz to Hz – multiply by 1000; Period: s to ms – multiply by 1000, ms to s – divide by 1000.

Phase is the:

The timing relationship between two events.

Define starting phase and instantaneous phase. (fill in the blank)

Starting Phase – the angle in degrees at the moment rotation begins; Instantaneous Phase – angle of rotation at a specified moment in time; where you are within one cycle of vibration

Distance traveled by sine wave in one period of vibration; i.e., distance between two identical points on two adjacent cycles.

wavelength

What are the relationships between wavelength, speed of sound, and frequency?

As speed of sound increases, wavelength increases. As frequency increases, wavelength decreases.

What two factors can affect the speed of sound?

Density and elasticity of medium.

Does sound travel more quickly through air, water, or steel?

Steel

What happens to wavelength as speed of sound increases?

Wavelength increases.

What happens to wavelength as frequency increases?

Wavelength decreases.

Will a lower frequency with longer wavelength travel faster through air than a higher frequency with a shorter wavelength?

No. The speed of sound through a given medium is constant, regardless of