Italy and fascism better set

When did Italy enter the first World war?

may 1915

when was the italian defeat at caporetto?

1917 (october)

When was the Italian success at Vittorio Veneto?

1918 (october)

what were the problems faced by liberal Italy?

lack of italian identity
weakness of the political system
hostility of the catholic church
economic weakness
socialism
nationalism
catholicism

why were the catholic church resentful of the liberals?

the unification had siezed the papal states and rome from the church

what did the church tell the catholics to do against the liberals?

boycott elections

what type of country was italy?

agricultural

what % of the population depended on land to survive?

68%

what was the liberal governments made up of ?

factions

what is the definition of the transformismo?

different political factions putting their differences asideto form a coalition government

what are factions?

small groups of members of parliament gathering round prominent politicians

why are factions fragile?

they could withdraw from the coalition

how many prime ministers were there between 1970-1922

29

what were introduced by the liberals?

national military service
free primary school meals

the national income rose by how many million under the liberals?

31 million

the liberals reduced the tax on what?

food

what did the liberals improve?

roads
railways and the supply of drinking water

when did italy join the triple alliance?

1982

who was the triple alliance between?

austria
germany
Italy

what did the triple alliance do for italy?

improved foreign affairds

/when did the italians conquer libya?

1911

when was universal male sufferage introduced?

1912

who did giolliti introduce into a coalition?

moderate socialists and nationalists

(socialist) what was nagative about wages in liberal italy?

they were low

(socialist) what were the working hours in liberal italy like?

long compared to the rest of europe

what did the socialists believe the liberals had wasted their money on?

libya

what were the nationalist criticisms of italy?

not a major force
defeat in abyssinia

what were the catholic criticisms of Ialy?

still povety

how many from the south emigrated?

200,00

what percentage did 0.01% of the population own?

50%

who attacked in the battle of caporetto?

austria and Germany

how many italians retreated in the battle of caporetto?

70,000

how far did the italians retreat during Caporetto?

back to the river piave

how many italian prisoners were captured at caporetto?

300,000

what was the name of the italian victory against the austrians?

vittorio veneto

how many men did the italians lose at Vittorio Venteto?

40,000

how many austrian prisoners were captured at vittorio veneto?

500,000

what did the vittorio veneto cause the Austrians to do?

sue for peace

when did D'anunzio capture Fiume?

1919

when was the triple entente formed?

1915

where did the triple entente promise italy?

Trentino, tyrol, emilia, trieste

how many men fought for italy in ww1?

5 million

who made up the triple entente?

GB, france, russia and italy

how many men died from italy in ww1?

650,000

how man italians were injured in ww1?

1 million

what was the national debt before the war?

16 billion

what was the national debt after the war?

85 billion

what happened to prices after the war?

tripled

after the war by what % did waged decrease?

25

who did well out of ww1?

industrialists such as pirelli tyres and fiat

what happened to socialist trade union membership after ww1?

increased from 250,00 to 2 million

at the end of the war how many people were unemployed?

2 million

in the 1919 elections what % of the vote did the socialists get?

32%

how many seats did the socialists get in the 1919 elections?

156

what type of victory was achieved for italy in WW1?

mutilated

why werent nationalists happy at the end of the war?

didnt get fiume

what did the treaty of st Germania give italy?

tyrol and trieste

what did the TOV give italy?

no fiume
no dalmatia
no african colonies

how many men did D'anunzio lead to seize Fiume?

2000

what newspaper did mussolini write for?

Il popolo d'italia

when was fascism created?

1919

how many people turned up to the birth of fascism?

100

how many votes did the fascists get in 1919?

5000

how many seats did the fascists get in 1919?

0

what happened in september 1920?

engineering workers dispute over wages and occupied factories

how many men were occupying factories in september 1920?

400,00

what policy did Giolliti follow during the occupation of the factories in 1920?

neutrality

how long did the occupation of the factories last in 1920

1 month

In emilia what did the socialists demand?

higher wages and guarantees that they would not be laid off during quiet times of the year

who supported the fascists?

middle class

In the 1921 elections how did the squads try to get rid of socialism?

violence and intimidation (100 killed)

how many seats did the socialists get in the 1921 elections?

123

how many seats did the fascists get in the 1921 elections?

35 (7% of the vote)

what was the fascist party established?

1921

how did mussolini re-assure the church in 1921?

fascism against divorce

When did the socialists call a general strike?

1922

what did the fascists do during the general strike?

took over public transport and ran postal service

how long did the general strike last?

few days

when was mussolinis march on rome?

october 1922

why did mussolini plan to march on rome?

wanted to be prime minister

at first what was the king going to call agsinst the march on rome?

marshall law

what did the cancellation of marshall law by the king show?

that he lacked confidence in his government

when did parliment allow mussolini to rule by decree and for how long?

november 1922 for 12 months

when was the fascist gran council created?

december 1922

when was the murder of matteoti?

1924

what did rule by decree allow mussolini to do?

pass laws without consulting parliment

what did the fascist gran council to?

increased mussolinis power over his own party and made the squadsa private army paid for by the state

when did mussolini become dictator?

1925

who supported him rule by decree?

solandra and giolliti

what did the creation of the fascist gran council allow mussolini to do?

make all appointments

what is the acerbo law?

how did mussolini consolidate power?

acerbo law
support from elites
facist gran council
fascist laws
rule by decree
concordat with the church

when was the concordat with the church

1929

what was the acerbo law?

the political party winning the most votes would get 2/3 of the seats

when was the acerbo law?

1924

what were mussolinis reasons for passing the acerbo law?

would mean an end to weak coalition governments
would have a majority
(fascists had the largest majority would mean hard to get them out of power)

evidence for mussolini using violence and intimidation:

castor oil
toads
murder of matteoti (1924) tried to publicize the illegal actions of the fascists at the polls matteoti was stabbed to death

what happened after the murder of matteoti?

evidence stacked up against mussolini and this caused 150 MPS to walk out of parliment. They hoped that their aventine session would convince the king that mussolini should be sacked. However, Giollitti and solandra feared that if this was to happen then the left would rise up so they still supported mussolini.

What did the fascist laws do?

banned political opponents
tightened press censorship
special court established for political crimes
establishment of the secret police

when were the fascist laws passed?

1925