Cells of the Lymphatic System

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Last updated 5:49 AM on 7/12/26

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13 Terms

1

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Basophils & Mast Cells

% IN BLOOD:
- <1%
SUBTYPES/NICKNAMES:
- Circulate in blood
- Found in tissues
PRIMARY FUNCTION(S):
- Release histamine & other chemicals in allergic and inflammatory responses

<ul><li><p>% IN BLOOD:</p><ul><li><p><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif"><1%</span></p></li></ul></li><li><p>SUBTYPES/NICKNAMES:</p><ul><li><p><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif">Circulate in blood</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif">Found in tissues</span></p></li></ul></li><li><p>PRIMARY FUNCTION(S):</p><ul><li><p><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif">Release histamine & other chemicals in allergic and inflammatory responses</span></p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>

2

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Neutrophils

% IN BLOOD:
- 50–70%
SUBTYPES/NICKNAMES:
- Polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs)
- “First responders”
PRIMARY FUNCTION(S):
- Phagocytosis of bacteria; early response to infection; release enzymes and ROS

<ul><li><p>% IN BLOOD:</p><ul><li><p><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif">50–70%</span></p></li></ul></li><li><p>SUBTYPES/NICKNAMES:</p><ul><li><p><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif">Polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs)</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif">“First responders”</span></p></li></ul></li><li><p>PRIMARY FUNCTION(S):</p><ul><li><p><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif">Phagocytosis of bacteria; early response to infection; release enzymes and ROS</span></p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>

3

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Eosinophils

% IN BLOOD:
- 1–4%
SUBTYPES/NICKNAMES:
- “Anti-parasitic cells”
PRIMARY FUNCTION(S):
- Kill parasites, combat effects of allergies, modulate inflammation

<ul><li><p>% IN BLOOD:</p><ul><li><p><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif">1–4%</span></p></li></ul></li><li><p>SUBTYPES/NICKNAMES:</p><ul><li><p><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif">“Anti-parasitic cells”</span></p></li></ul></li><li><p>PRIMARY FUNCTION(S):</p><ul><li><p><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif">Kill parasites, combat effects of allergies, modulate inflammation</span></p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>

4

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Monocytes & Macrophages

% IN BLOOD:
- 2–8%
SUBTYPES/NICKNAMES:
- Monocytes (blood)
- Macrophages (tissue)
- “Big eaters”
PRIMARY FUNCTION(S):
- Phagocytosis; antigen presentation; secrete cytokines; tissue repair

<ul><li><p>% IN BLOOD:</p><ul><li><p><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif">2–8%</span></p></li></ul></li><li><p>SUBTYPES/NICKNAMES:</p><ul><li><p><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif">Monocytes (blood)</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif">Macrophages (tissue)</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif">“Big eaters”</span></p></li></ul></li><li><p>PRIMARY FUNCTION(S):</p><ul><li><p><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif">Phagocytosis; antigen presentation; secrete cytokines; tissue repair</span></p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>

5

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Lymphocytes & Plasma Cells

% IN BLOOD:
- 20–40%
SUBTYPES/NICKNAMES:
- B cells, T cells, NK cells (lymphocytes)
- Plasma cells (from B cells)
PRIMARY FUNCTION(S):
- B cells: make antibodies
- T cells: cell-mediated immunity
- NK: kill infected or cancer cells

<ul><li><p>% IN BLOOD:</p><ul><li><p><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif">20–40%</span></p></li></ul></li><li><p>SUBTYPES/NICKNAMES:</p><ul><li><p><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif">B cells, T cells, NK cells (lymphocytes)</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif">Plasma cells (from B cells)</span></p></li></ul></li><li><p>PRIMARY FUNCTION(S):</p><ul><li><p><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif">B cells: make antibodies</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif">T cells: cell-mediated immunity</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif">NK: kill infected or cancer cells</span></p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>

6

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Dendritic Cells

% IN BLOOD:
- Very few in blood
SUBTYPES/NICKNAMES:
- None specific, but often grouped under APCs (antigen-presenting cells)
PRIMARY FUNCTION(S):
- Capture antigens, present to T cells to activate adaptive immune response

<ul><li><p>% IN BLOOD:</p><ul><li><p><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif">Very few in blood</span></p></li></ul></li><li><p>SUBTYPES/NICKNAMES:</p><ul><li><p><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif">None specific, but often grouped under APCs (antigen-presenting cells)</span></p></li></ul></li><li><p>PRIMARY FUNCTION(S):</p><ul><li><p><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif">Capture antigens, present to T cells to activate adaptive immune response</span></p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>

7

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T Helper Cells (CD4)

PRIMARY FUNCTION(S):
- Assist other immune cells by activating B cells and T cells, and promoting immune responses

<ul><li><p><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif">PRIMARY FUNCTION(S):</span></p><ul><li><p><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif">Assist other immune cells by <strong>activating B cells and T cells</strong>, and promoting immune responses</span></p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>

8

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T Cytotoxic Cells

PRIMARY FUNCTION(S):
- Directly kill virus-infected cells and cancer cells

<ul><li><p>PRIMARY FUNCTION(S):</p><ul><li><p><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif"><strong>Directly kill</strong> virus-infected cells and cancer cells</span></p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>

9

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T Memory Cells

PRIMARY FUNCTION(S):
- Provide long-term immunity by remembering past infections

<ul><li><p>PRIMARY FUNCTION(S):</p><ul><li><p><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif">Provide <strong>long-term immunity</strong> by remembering past infections</span></p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>

10

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T Regulatory Cells

PRIMARY FUNCTION(S):
- Suppress immune response; prevent autoimmunity by inhibiting overactive T cells

<ul><li><p>PRIMARY FUNCTION(S):</p><ul><li><p><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif"><strong>Suppress immune response</strong>; prevent <strong>autoimmunity</strong> by inhibiting overactive T cells</span></p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>

11

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B Plasma Cells

PRIMARY FUNCTION(S):
- Produce antibodies that bind specific antigens and help destroy pathogens

<ul><li><p>PRIMARY FUNCTION(S):</p><ul><li><p><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif">Produce <strong>antibodies</strong> that bind specific antigens and help destroy pathogens</span></p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>

12

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B Memory Cells

PRIMARY FUNCTION(S):
- Store memory of past infections; enable faster antibody response on second exposure

<ul><li><p>PRIMARY FUNCTION(S):</p><ul><li><p><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif">Store memory of past infections; enable faster <strong>antibody response</strong> on second exposure</span></p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>

13

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Natural Killer Cells

PRIMARY FUNCTION(S):
- Innate immune lymphocytes that kill bacteria, transplanted tissues, virus-infected & cancer cells

<ul><li><p>PRIMARY FUNCTION(S):</p><ul><li><p><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif"><strong>Innate immune lymphocytes</strong> that kill <strong>bacteria, transplanted tissues, virus-infected & cancer cells</strong></span></p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>