Oral Anatomy Test 1

Anatomic position

erect postion arms at sides, palms feet and eyes forward

ant/ventral

toward front

post/dorsal

towards back

apex

pointed part

ipsilateral

on same side of body

contralateral

on opposite side of body

deep

away from body surface

internal

inner side of wall of hollow structure

external

outer side of hollow structure

median plane

divides body into equal right and left halves

sagittal plane

division of body parallel to median plane

coronal/frontal plane

divides body into ant and post parts

horizontal plane

divides body into sup and inf parts

medial plane

closer to median plane, considered mesail within dentition

lateral

father from median plane

proximal

closer to median plane

distal

farther from median plane

foramen (foramina - plural)

short window like opening

canal

longer narrow tube like opening in bone

fissure

narrow cleft like opening in bone

fissure

narrow celft like opening in bonen

notch

small indent

suture

union of bones joined by fibrous tissue that appears on dry skull as jagged line

process

projection or extension

fossa

bony depression

sinus

space

how many bones is the skull comprised of

22 bones

• some single some paried

• bones surrounding the brain 8

• bones forming face 14

Ethmoid bone

single located ant to sphenoid in ant part of cranium

ethmoid bone landmarks

• cribiform

• crista galli

• perpendicualr and horizontal plates

• sup and middle nasal conchae

• ethmoid sinus

• foramen canals

• etc

Frontal bone

single, includes majority of forehead as well as roof of each orbit

landmarks:

• supraorbital ridge

• glabella

• supraorbital notch

• lacrimal fossa

• foramen canals, etc

Occipital bone

single, forms post part of skull and base of cranium

landmarks:

• foramen magnum

• condyles

• sup and inf nuchal lines

• external occipital protruberence

• jugular foramen

• internal auditory meatus

• foramen canals etc

paritel bones

paired, forms greater part of right and left lateral walls and roof of skull

sphenoid bones

single, runs through midsagittal section and thus is internally wedged between several other bones in ant part of cranium

landmarks:

• greater and lesser wings

• med and lateral pterygoid plates

• hamulus (projects from medial pterygoid plate)

• sella turcia (houses pituitary gland)

• formaen canals, etc

temporal bones

paired, lateral walls of skull in temporal region and part of base of skull in auricular region

composed of 4 parts: squamous, tympanic, mastoid, and petrous parts include:

• mastoid process

• sytloid process

• articular fossa and eminence

• stylomastoid formaen

• external acousitc meatus

• petrous portion (houses hearing ehtmoid components)

• foramen canals, etc

maxillae

paired, consits of 2 maxilla fused together at single intermaxillary suture, includes a body and 4 proceses: frontal, zygomatic, palatine, and alveolar processes

mandible

single, forms lower jaw and is only freely moveable bone of skull

zygomatic

paried, forms majority of cheekbone, and helps to form lateral wall and floor of orbit

palatine

paired, consists of 2 plates: horizontal and vertical plates

nasal

paired, small oblong paired facial bones that lie side by side, fused to each other to form the bridge of the nose

vomer

single, thin, flat, single midline facial bone almost trapezoid in shape

inf nasal conchae

paired, project from maxillae to form part of lateral walls of nasal cavity

lacrimal

paired, irregualr, thin plate of bone that forms small part of anterior medial wall of orbit

Mandibular landmarks

• body: horizontal portion

• angle: junction of body and ramus

• ramus: vertical portion

• condyle: allows jaw to move

• Coronoid process: temporalis muscle attatchement

• alveolar process: supports teeth, bone surrounding teeth

• mental formaen: mental nerve opening

• external oblique ridge: lateral ridge

• internal oblique ridge: medial ridge

• mandibular foramen: inf alveloar nerve opening

• genial tubercles: genioglossues muscle attatchment

Maxillary landmarks

• frtontal process

• zygomatic process

• alvelolar process

• palatine process

• ant nasal spine

• maxillary tuberoisity

• intermaxillary suture

• canine eminence

• maxillary sinus

Paranasal sinuses

ethmoidal, frontal, sphenoidal, and maxillary sinuses

ethmoid sinuses

sinuses cannot be palpated in EO exam due to depth

frontal sinuses

2 paranasal sinsues are asymmetric (approx 2-3 cm in diameter) separated by septum. Each frontal sinus communicates with and drains into nasal cavity

sphenoidal sinuses

deep to nose in sphenoid bone forms a forward part of base of skull and contains depression, or fossa, for pituitary gland. Sinuses are separated from each other by bony wall

maxillary sinuses

largesst of paranasal sinuses. 2 maxillary sinuses are located below the cheeks, above the teeth and on the sides of the nose

The nasopalatine groove, which houses the nasopalating nerve, located in what facial bone

vomer bone

Which strucutre separates the maxilla and the sphenoid bone within the orbit of the eye

Infaorbital fissure

What are the structures that can aid locating the infraorbital formaen when they are lined up vertically

pupil of the eye, labial commisure, supraorbital notch

In the study conducted about the value of extraoral exams what perecenetage of people felt the exam was worthwile

85%

Which nasal concha is not visible when looking in the nasal area of the skull

superior concha

What is the order of the foramen in the sphenoid bone medially to laterally

foramen lacerum, foramen ovale, foramen rotundum (above), foramen spinosum

the nasopalatine groove houses the nasopalatine nerve located in which facial bone

vomer bone

which strucutre separates the maxilla and sphenoid bone within orbit of the eye

infraorbital fissure

what strucutres can aid locating the infraorbital foramen when theyre lined up vertically

pupil of eye, labial commisure, supraorbital notch

the facial nerve can be inadveretnly anethetized causing facial paralysis which strucutre does the facial nerve travel through

parotid gland

which muscle originates on soft tissue instead of bone

orbitcularis oculi

the 3 muscles that aid in smiling all insert into which strucutre

labial commissure