module 10 : lifespan populations, business and marketing, safety and emergency situations

Vocabulary flashcards covering safety, emergency situations, lifespan populations, adaptive fitness, and business/marketing concepts for ISSA certified personal trainers.

Cleaning

Removing dirt and impurities from surfaces or objects with a detergent (like soap) and water. Cleaning does NOT kill germs, but it removes them and lowers the risk of spreading infection.

Disinfecting

Killing germs and viruses on surfaces or objects with the use of chemicals. It does not necessarily remove germs from the surface, but lowers the risk of infection.

Sanitizing

Cleaning and killing germs on surfaces or objects enough to bring the microbe level to an acceptable range.

Cardiac Arrest

An electrical malfunction of the heart that causes an irregular heartbeat.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

An emergency procedure involving chest compressions and, often, artificial ventilation to circulate blood and preserve brain function in an individual in cardiac arrest.

Automated External Defibrillator (AED)

A portable electronic device that can identify and electrically correct heart arrhythmias, ventricular fibrillation, and tachycardia.

Good Samaritan Laws

Legal protections offered in much of the U.S. and Canada that protect an individual who offers assistance, CPR, or first aid to someone else in an emergency situation before trained help arrives.

Acute Injury

Describes a type of injury or an illness that is of rapid onset and progression, usually the result of a specific impact or trauma to the body.

Chronic Injury

Refers to an injury, illness, or disease that develops slowly and is persistent and long-lasting.

First Aid

The first and immediate aid given to someone with a minor or serious injury, illness, or condition.

First Aid Kit

A compact box that is pre-stocked with supplies for triage and general medical interventions.

Emergency Exit Plan

A visual plan of how and where to exit a space in the event of an emergency.

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

Provides information about hazardous ingredients, health risks, chemical reactions, handling precautions, and exposure limitations for a chemical product.

Hypoglycemia

Low blood sugar, often caused by diabetes treatments, characterized by dizziness, weakness, blurred vision, excessive hunger, and cool, moist skin.

Heat Cramps

Painful involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles caused by overuse, dehydration, or the loss of minerals due to excessive sweating.

Heat Exhaustion

A progression from heat cramps that can include pale clammy skin, a rapid weak pulse, weakness, headache or nausea, and cramps in the abdomen or limbs.

Heat Stroke

A very serious heat-related condition where the body has become unable to regulate its temperature, identified by cessation of sweating, a rapid strong pulse, and flushed, hot skin.

Contusion

A region of injured tissue or skin where blood capillaries have been ruptured (bruise).

Shock

An acute medical condition brought on by a sudden drop in blood flow and blood pressure through the body.

Sprains

Injuries to the connective tissue in a joint or group of joints.

Strains

Injuries that occur in a muscle, commonly in the low back, neck, shoulders, and hamstrings.

R.I.C.E. Method

An acronym for Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation used to help reduce pain and inflammation from an injury.

Arterial Bleeding

Bleeding characterized by spurts of blood with each beat of the heart, bright red in color, severe, and difficult to control.

Venous Bleeding

Bleeding characterized by a steady flow of blood that is often darker in color and easier to control than arterial bleeding.

Capillary Bleeding

Bleeding that is generally slow and oozing in nature and carries a higher risk for infection.

Insulin Shock

A medical condition caused by too much insulin in the body that results in stark drops in blood glucose.

Diabetic Coma

A comatose state resulting from excessively high blood sugar levels (too much sugar and not enough insulin in the body).

Stroke

Occurs when the blood flow to the brain is interrupted long enough to cause damage.

Seizure

A burst of uncontrolled neural activity that causes temporary abnormalities in muscle movements or muscle tone, behaviors, or sensations.

Screen Time

The time spent using a device such as a computer, television, smartphone, or games console.

Obesity

An abnormal or excessive accumulation of bodyfat that may cause additional health risks.

Motor Skills

The ability to learn and manage the process of moving the body in a coordinated way.

Social Stigmatization

The disapproval of, or discrimination against, a person based on perceivable social characteristics.

Bullying

An unwanted, aggressive behavior among school-aged children that involves a real or perceived power imbalance.

Dysfunctional Eating Patterns

May include behavior commonly associated with eating disorders, such as food restriction, binge eating, and purging.

Cognitive Functioning

An intellectual process by which one becomes aware of, perceives, or comprehends ideas.

Puberty

The period of hormonal change in an adolescent where they reach sexual maturity.

Sensitive Period

A time or stage in a person's development when they are more responsive to external stimuli and quicker to learn particular skills.

Parallel Play

A form of play in which children play adjacent to each other, but do not try to influence one another's behavior.

Scaffolding

A process in which teachers model or demonstrate how to solve a problem, and then step back, offering support as needed.

Gross Motor Skills

The abilities required in order to control the large muscles of the body for walking, running, sitting, crawling, and other activities.

Positive Reinforcement

Including a favorable outcome, event, or reward after a child completes a desired behavior or action.

Adolescent Growth Spurt

A rapid increase in the individual's height and weight during puberty.

Personal Development

Activities that improve awareness and identity, develop talents and potential, build human capital and facilitate employability, enhance the quality of life, and contribute to the realization of dreams and aspirations.

Weight-Bearing Exercise

Activities that move one's own body weight against gravity.

Egocentric

Thinking only of oneself, without regard for the feelings or desires of others.

Imaginary Audience

An individual imagines and believes that multitudes of people are enthusiastically listening to or watching them.

Presidential Youth Fitness Program

A comprehensive school-based program that promotes health and regular physical activity for America's youth.

FitnessGram

A noncompetitive standard performance assessment to measure aerobic capacity, muscular strength and endurance, flexibility, and body composition based upon the Healthy Fitness Zone.

Senescence

The process or state of growing old.

Chronological Age

The number of years a person has lived.

Functional Capacity

The capability of performing tasks and activities that people find necessary or desirable in their lives.

Activities of Daily Living (ADL)

The tasks usually performed in the course of a normal day in a person's life, such as eating, toileting, dressing, bathing, or brushing the teeth.

Sarcopenia

The degenerative loss of skeletal muscle mass.

Dynapenia

The age-associated loss of muscle strength that is not caused by neurologic or muscular disease.

Baby Boomers

A person born in the years following World War II (1946 to 1964), when there was a temporary marked increase in the birth rate.

Metabolic Syndrome

A cluster of at least three biochemical and physiological abnormalities associated with the development of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.

Frailty

An increased vulnerability resulting from aging-associated decline in reserve and function across multiple physiologic systems.

Sleep Apnea

A disorder of breathing during sleep.

Comorbidities

The simultaneous presence of two chronic diseases or conditions in a person.

Parkinson's Disease

A progressive disease of the nervous system marked by tremor, muscular rigidity, and slow, imprecise movement.

Osteoporosis

A skeletal condition that results in weak or brittle bones.

Functional Fitness Test for Seniors

A simple, easy-to-use battery of test items created by Rikli and Jones that assess the functional fitness of older adults.

Alzheimer's Disease

A progressive mental deterioration that can occur in middle or old age, due to generalized degeneration of the brain.

Prenatal

Occurring or existing before birth.

Postpartum

The period of time following childbirth.

Progesterone

Female hormone that regulates the menstrual cycle and is crucial for pregnancy.

Relaxin

A sex hormone that facilitates birth by causing relaxation of the pelvic ligaments.

Hypermobility

The condition of having excessive amounts of range of motion in a joint or joints.

Diastasis

The separation of the large abdominal muscles during pregnancy.

Placenta Previa

A condition in which the placenta partially or wholly blocks the neck of the uterus, thus interfering with normal delivery of a baby.

Preeclampsia

A condition in pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure, sometimes with fluid retention and proteinuria.

Gestational Diabetes (GDM)

A condition characterized by an elevated level of glucose in the blood during pregnancy, typically resolving after birth.

Disability

A physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities.

Impairment

The state of being diminished, weakened, or damaged, especially mentally or physically.

Activity Limitation

The quantitative and qualitative measure of disability referring to difficulties experienced by an individual in executing a task or action.

Participation Restrictions

A problem experienced by an individual in involvement in life situations.

Inclusion

The act of including into a group, involvement and empowerment, where the inherent worth and dignity of all people are recognized.

Adaptive Physical Fitness

The art and science of developing, implementing, and monitoring a carefully designed physical fitness program for a person with a disability.

Congenital

Relating to a disease or physical abnormality present from birth.

Independent Contractor

Someone who works for themselves and is contracted to provide services for a company as a nonemployee.

Business Plan

Outlines the structure, marketing, and growth of a new business.

Cueing

A communication that prompts a client to engage in a movement pattern or conveys proper technique.

In-Person Training

Live, face-to-face fitness training done individually or in small or large groups.

Virtual Training

Remote training sessions conducted via website, phone applications, or social media platforms.

Hybrid Personal Training

A training approach that utilizes in-person and virtual training styles to allow for easier, more frequent access to the fitness professional.

Buddy Training

Exercise instruction between a personal trainer and two clients at the same time.

Small Group Personal Training

Exercise instruction delivered to two to four clients at the same time.

Group Exercise

Large group training that is often choreographed and where all participants are executing the same exercises simultaneously.

Certified Group Fitness Instructors

Fitness professionals certified in delivering large group fitness classes.

Small Business Administration (SBA)

A US government agency established in 1953 to promote economic growth by helping new and existing small businesses and providing advice, financial assistance, counseling, and tips for sustainable business growth.

Sole Proprietorship

The most common business structure, in which the single owner has complete control over and liability for a business.

Partnership

A business structure with two or more people running the business who share liability and responsibility for the business's performance.

Limited Liability Company (LLC)

A corporate structure in the US limiting the liability of the owner; it combines aspects of corporations and sole proprietorships.

Corporation

A business structure in which the owners and operators are separated from the liabilities of the business.

Mission Statement

A short statement of why a business exists and their overall goal for operating.

Market Analysis

A qualitative and quantitative assessment of a business market that examines product and service volume, buying patterns, regulations, and business competition.

Target Market

The particular group(s) of consumers that a product or service targets.

Customer Life Cycle

The steps a customer goes through when considering, buying, and using a product or service, including awareness, engagement, evaluation, purchase, experience, and bonding and advocacy.

Client Persona

A fictional person that represents the key characteristics of a trainer's preferred clientele.