URINALYSIS MediaLab Questions

The following urine test results were obtained from a 6-month-old African American infant who experiences vomiting and diarrhea after milk ingestion and has failed to gain weight:

PH: 5.0

Protein: Negative

Glucose: Negative

Ketones: Negative

Blood: Negative

Bilirubin: Negative

Nitrite: Negative

Urobilinogen: 0.1 EU/dL

Clinitest: 2+

These results are clinically significant in which of the following disorders?

Diabetes mellitus

Lactose intolerance

Galactosemia

Cystic fibrosis

Galactosemia

What is the optimal time to begin initial microscopic examination of a semen specimen, assuming liquefaction is complete?

30 minutes

2 hours

4 hours

8 hours

30 minutes

When an unpreserved urine specimen cannot be cultured immediately, which storage method is most appropriate?

Stored at room temperature for up to 8 hours

Stored in the freezer for up to 24 hours

Stored in the incubator for up to 8 hours

Stored in the refrigerator at 40 C for up to 24 hours

Stored in the refrigerator at 40 C for up to 24 hours

What is the identification of these crystals seen in a urine with an acid PH?

Uric acid

Calcium oxalate

Triple phosphate

Calcium carbonate

Calcium oxalate

A positive leukocyte esterase test indicates the presence of which of the following in a urine specimen?

Lymphocytes

Granulocytes

Erythrocytes

Epithelial cells

Granulocytes

The crystals seen in these images are:

Leucine crystals

Bilirubin crystals

Cystine crystals

Cholesterol crystals

Cystine crystals

Which of the following methods would be used to confirm the presence of Bence-Jones protein in the urine:

Urine protein electrophoresis or immunoelectrophoresis

Benedict qualitative test

Ictotest

Watson-Schwartz test

Urine protein electrophoresis or immunoelectrophoresis

Charcot-Leyden crystals in stool may be associated with an immune response and are thought to be the breakdown products of:

Neutrophils

Eosinophils

Monocytes

Lymphocytes

Eosinophils

All of the following normal urine crystals are most often found in a urine specimen that has a pH > 7 EXCEPT:

Calcium oxalate

Triple phosphate

Ammonium biurate

Calcium carbonate

Calcium oxalate

All of the following are methods employed for measuring the specific gravity of urine, EXCEPT?

Refractometry

Hydrometry

Osmolality

Urine reagent strips

Osmolality

Urine crystals of radiographic contrast media will appear similar to which of the following?

Cholesterol crystals

Amorphous crystals

Calcium Oxalate crystals

Triple Phosphate crystals

Cholesterol crystals

All of the following crystals will normally be found in a urine specimen with a pH of 8.0, EXCEPT?

Ammonium biurates

Triple phosphates

Calcium carbonates

Uric acid

Uric acid

The indicator(s) used in the pH test region of the chemical reagent strips for urine is/are:

Methyl red and bromthymol red

Methyl blue and bromthymol blue

Methyl red and bromthymol blue

Methyl blue and bromthymol red

Methyl red and bromthymol blue

All of the following are standard methods for measuring the specific gravity of urine, EXCEPT:

Urine reagent strips

Freezing point depression

Refractometry

Harmonic oscillation densitometry

Freezing point depression

A urine production of less than 400 mL/day is:

Consistent with normal renal function and water balance

Termed isosthenuria

Defined as oliguria

Associated with diabetes mellitus

Defined as oliguria

Which test uses a vaginal fluid specimen to differentiate amniotic fluid from urine and other body fluids?

Optical density (OD) of bilirubin

Osmolality

Fern test

Amine (Whiff) test

Fern test

Fecal urobilinogen level may be markedly decreased because of:

Hemolysis

Decreased intestinal reabsorption of urobilinogen

Increased serum bilirubin

Biliary obstruction

Biliary obstruction

In reference to semen analysis microscopic exam, diff, and enumeration of “round cells” which are often present in semen count are referred as:

Sperm vitality
Seminal fluid fructose
WBCs
Bacteria

WBCs

All of the following WBCs would produce positive Leukocyte esterase test except:

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Lymphocytes

Lymphocytes

Which of the following artifacts may be mistaken for casts?
Air bubbles
fibers
coverslip scratches
talc particles

fibers

What is the approx volume of spinal fluid in an adult?
10-60mL
50-70 mL
90-150 mL
200-500mL

90-150 mL

Which acid is most frequently used to precipitate protein for confirmatory urinalysis tests?

Trichloroacetic
Nitric
Sulfosalicylic
Acetic

Sulfosalicylic

All of the following are functions of cerebrospinal fluid, EXCEPT?

Supply nutrients to nervous system tissue.

Regulate body metabolism.

Protect the spinal cord from injury.

Remove waste products from cerebral metabolism.

Regulate body metabolism.

The yellow clumped needles or granule-like crystals that are indicated by the arrows in the image are:

Bilirubin crystals

Leucine crystals

Cystine crystals

Cholesterol crystals

Bilirubin crystals

What type of cast is shown in the illustration?

WBC cast

RBC cast

Waxy cast

Granular cast

RBC cast

Which of the following casts is characteristically associated with acute pyelonephritis?

Red cell

White cell

Fatty

Waxy

White cell

When an automated or semi-automated method is used to read urine reagent strips, quality control testing must be performed at least:

Once a week.

Once per month.

With each new instrument operator.

Every day of patient testing and when a new bottle is opened.

Every day of patient testing and when a new bottle is opened.

Homogentisic acid in urine will cause urine to be which of the following colors?

Green

Pink

Port-wine

Brown/black

Brown/Black

Which of the following tests on amniotic fluid would be included when assessing fetal lung maturity:

Alpha Fetoprotein

Bilirubin

L/S Ratio

Fetal hemoglobin

L/S Ratio

With the development of fetal lung maturity, which of the following phospholipid concentrations in amniotic fluid increases?

Sphingomyelin

Phosphatidyl ethanolamine

phophatidylinositol

lecithin

lecithin

The lecithin to sphingomyelin ratio (L/S) is used to assess:

Fetal neurological development

Fetal lung maturity

Fetal viability

Fetal liver development

Fetal lung maturity

Identify the urine sediment element shown by the arrow.

Mucus thread

Cylindroid

Fiber

Amorphous urates

Cylindroid

The ketone component that is measured by the nitroprusside reaction is:

Acetoacetic acid

Beta-hydroxybutyric acid

Acetone

C-Reactive Protein

Acetoacetic acid

Given the following information, calculate the results in mg/24 hrs for a 24-hour urine protein.

Total volume for 24 hours = 2,400 mL

Urine protein = 2.7 mg/dL

64.8 mg/24 hrs

10.87 mg/24 hrs

57.5 mg/24 hrs

5.89 mg/24 hrs

64.8 mg/24 hrs ([2.7mg/dL × 2400mL]/100mL)

A 56-year old female was taken to the emergency room in a coma by her employer's nurse. She had lost 35 pounds in 3 months; she was always thirsty; drinking a lot of water and running to the bathroom.

What is the MOST likely cause of this patient's symptoms?

Gestational diabetes

Diabetes insipidus

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

Type II diabetes mellitus

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

The measurement of sodium and chloride in the sweat is the most useful test for the diagnosis of what condition/disease?

Steatorrhea

Direct determination of the exocrine secretory capacity of the pancreas.

Cystic fibrosis

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

Cystic fibrosis

When collecting a urine specimen for workplace drug testing, which of the following situations may indicate that the specimen has been tampered with or adulterated?

The temperature of the specimen reads 34C.

The specific gravity test result is 1.001

The color of the specimen is amber.

The specific gravity test result is 1.020

The specific gravity test result is 1.001