Genetics and Cell Biology: DNA, Genes, Chromosomes, and Reproduction

What are the two reproductive cells (gametes) found in males and females?

Sperm in males and eggs in females.

What occurs during fertilization?

The sperm and egg combine to form a zygote, typically occurring in the female's fallopian tubes.

What is DNA?

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the molecule that carries genetic information in living organisms.

What are genes?

Genes are short sections of DNA that carry the code for specific characteristics.

What are chromosomes?

Chromosomes are coiled strands of DNA, with humans having 46 chromosomes.

What is the shape of DNA?

DNA has a double helix structure.

What are the four bases in DNA?

Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G).

Where is DNA found in a cell?

DNA is found in the nucleus of the cell.

What is the function of DNA?

DNA carries genetic information and provides instructions for making proteins.

What does the term 'inheritance' refer to?

Inheritance refers to the process by which genetic traits are passed from parents to offspring.

What is the misconception about characteristics being inherited?

Some believe that characteristics are only inherited from the mother or father, rather than a combination from both.

What is the role of forensic scientists in relation to DNA?

Forensic scientists analyze DNA from crime scenes to create profiles that can identify suspects.

What is a common misconception about acquired characteristics?

It is mistakenly believed that acquired characteristics can be passed from parents to offspring.

What does 'helix' mean in Latin and Greek?

In Latin and Greek, 'helix' means 'spiral'.

What is the jelly-like substance in a cell where chemical reactions take place?

Cytoplasm.

What is the function of the cell membrane?

The cell membrane controls what substances enter or leave the cell.

What is the importance of genes in relation to proteins?

Genes provide the instructions for cells to make proteins, which are essential for various functions in the body.

What is a trait?

A trait is a characteristic, such as curly hair or brown eyes.

What is the significance of the number 46 in human genetics?

Humans have 46 chromosomes, which contain their genetic information.

What are the three types of molecules that genes can be turned into?

Proteins, carbohydrates, and fats.

What is the role of the nucleus in a cell?

The nucleus contains the DNA, which holds the genetic information.

What is the misconception regarding the influence of parents' intentions on offspring characteristics?

Some believe that parents' desires can directly influence the traits of their children.

What is the relationship between siblings and 'nurture'?

Similarities between siblings are often incorrectly attributed solely to nurture rather than genetics.

What is the misconception about differences between offspring and their parents?

Differences are often incorrectly attributed to adoption or inheritance from grandparents.