Immune System and the Body’s Defense

Flashcards about the immune system and the body's defense mechanisms.

__ immunity is present at birth.

Protects against a variety of different substances and does not require prior exposure; includes barriers of skin and mucosal membranes.

__ immunity is acquired/specific.

Responds to a specific antigen involving T- and B-lymphocytes and takes several days to be effective.

The first line of defense prevents entry of pathogens through structures like __.

Normal flora, epidermis and dermis, exfoliation, hyaluronic acid, and sebaceous gland secretions.

__ gland secretions contribute to the first line of defense.

Secretion that contains lysozyme, defensins, and dermicidin which help wash away microbes and contain antibacterial and antifungal substances.

Epithelial and connective tissue lining that contains __ provides a physical, chemical, and biological barrier.

Found in respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary, and reproductive tracts.

Gastrointestinal tract contributes to the first line of defense with substances such as __.

Saliva, hydrochloric acid (HCl), defecation and vomiting, and urine.

__ is a nonspecific cellular and molecular defense that helps protect the body.

Delivers needed substances to defend against injurious agents and flushes unwanted substances into the lymphatic capillaries.

Cardinal signs of inflammation include __.

Increased blood flow, increased metabolic activity, fluid loss from capillaries, stimulation of pain receptors.

__ are nonspecific internal defenses that protect the body.

Phagocytic cells, interferons, release chemicals that initiate and enhance inflammation, destroy abnormal cells, and complement system.

The __ system is especially effective against bacteria.

Cascade of plasma proteins that increases inflammation.

Complement __ increases inflammation.

Increases inflammation through activation of basophils and mast cells.

__ is when cells display antigen on plasma membrane.

Cells display antigen on plasma membrane so T-cells can recognize it.

Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) include __.

Dendritic cells, macrophages, B-lymphocytes.

__ are types of lymphocytes which each have their own effector response.

Helper T-lymphocytes, cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, and Plasma cells.

Helper T-lymphocytes release cytokines to __.

Regulate cells of adaptive and innate immunity.

Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes __.

Destroy unhealthy cells by apoptosis.

Plasma cells __.

Produce antibodies.

The first exposure to an antigen occurs in secondary lymphatic structures and __.

Activated and memory helper and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, and plasma cells and memory B-lymphocytes are formed.

Antibodies are released and synthesized by plasma cells where __.

The cells remain in the lymph nodes.

Helper T-cells help activate B-lymphocytes and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes with cytokines and then they __.

Stimulate activity of innate immune system cells.

__ releases granules containing perforin and granzymes which are cytotoxic chemicals.

After recognizing antigen, cytotoxic T-cells.

__ immunity results from direct encounter with a pathogen.

Results from direct encounter with pathogen.

__ immunity is obtained from another individual.

Obtained from another individual

Acute hypersensitivity, also known as an allergy, is an __.

Exaggerated response of immune system to a noninfectious substance, or allergen.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) __.

Infects and destroys helper T-lymphocytes.

Autoimmune disorders are where the __.

Immune system lacking tolerance for specific self-antigen.

__ also known as exudate, includes destroyed pathogens

Contains destroyed pathogens, dead leukocytes, macrophages, cellular debris