Post-War Tensions and Transformations in the US

Flashcards reviewing the tensions and changes in the US after World War I, covering labor conflicts, the Red Scare, race riots, and women's rights.

What events defined the chaos and tension unfolding in the United States in 1919?

A series of strikes, labor conflicts, and race riots that occurred in 1919, reflecting the tensions generated by World War I.

What happened to the advances made by labor unions during World War I after the war ended?

The advances made by labor unions during the war, such as the eight-hour day and collective bargaining, were rolled back by business leaders and politicians.

How did the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia impact the United States?

It caused concerns about the possibility of a communist revolution in the United States.

What strategy did business leaders and politicians use to suppress strikes?

Business leaders and politicians portrayed striking workers as radical revolutionaries and communists.

How did Calvin Coolidge respond to the Boston police strike?

He portrayed striking police officers as radical communist revolutionaries and fired them.

What was the main issue in the steel industry strike of 1919?

Workers in the steel industry went on strike to maintain the eight-hour day, but management and politicians cracked down ruthlessly.

What was the primary concern of Americans that led to the Red Scare?

Americans feared a potential Bolshevik revolution, leading to a strategy by business leaders and politicians to roll back labor advances by portraying striking workers as dangerous revolutionaries.

Who led the Palmer Raids, and what was their purpose?

A. Mitchell Palmer conducted raids to round up suspected radicals in 1920.

What was the purpose of creating the ACLU?

Protect people's civil liberties and prevent abuses like those that occurred during the Palmer Raids.

What was the Great Migration?

Millions of African Americans relocated to northern cities for new opportunities during the war.

What was Red Summer?

A period of increased race riots and racial violence across the country in the summer of 1919.

What event triggered the Chicago race riot in the summer of 1919?

The beaches in Chicago were segregated, and the stoning death of a black boy who drifted into a white-only swimming area triggered the riot.

What was the Harlem Renaissance?

The Harlem Renaissance was a literary and cultural movement of the 1920s among African Americans centered in Harlem, New York.

What were the main themes of the Harlem Renaissance?

Pride in African history and culture, and protest against discrimination.

Who wrote the poem "The Negro Speaks of Rivers"?

Langston Hughes

Who wrote the poem "If We Must Die"?

Claude McKay

Who established the UNIA and promoted black nationalism and a Back to Africa campaign?

Marcus Garvey

What was Marcus Garvey's philosophy regarding race relations in America?

Black nationalism and black separatism.

What were some of the initiatives undertaken by the UNIA?

The UNIA established black-owned businesses, a newspaper, and a shipping line.

What led to the end of the UNIA?

In 1923, Marcus Garvey was arrested on mail fraud charges and deported to Jamaica.

Who embraced the ideas of Marcus Garvey?

Those ideas of black nationalism were later carried forward in the nineteen fifties and sixties by guys like Malcolm X.

What happened to women in the workforce after the war ended?

Women were expected to step aside and make those jobs available for the men.

What did the 19th Amendment do?

Granted women the right to vote in 1920.

Who wrote the Equal Rights Amendment in 1923?

Alice Paul

What was the goal of Equal Rights Amendment?

Establishing complete equality between the genders.