Cellular Respiration & Fermentation: Processes, Locations, and Energy Production

Cellular respiration

Organisms take in oxygen & organic material to break down glucose molecules to produce energy. It releases most of the energy in food to make ATP.

Stages of cellular respiration

Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport Chain

Aerobic

Oxygen present

Anaerobic

No oxygen

ATP production from glycolysis

2 units of ATP per glucose molecule

Location of glycolysis

Cytoplasm

Fermentation process

Anaerobic

Waste products of fermentation

Ethanol and CO₂

Cell currency

ATP

Pyruvic acid

Breakdown product of glycolysis.

Spoiled milk

Result of fermentation

Types of fermentation

Alcohol and lactic acid.

Products made from fermentation

Beer and wine making.

Organisms involved in fermentation

Fungi and bacteria.

Lactic acid buildup

Can build up in muscles if fatigued and lacking oxygen.

Krebs Cycle

Series of chemical reactions that release stored energy.

Krebs Cycle location

Occurs in the mitochondria; it does require oxygen.

ATP production by Krebs Cycle

2 units of ATP

Third stage of cellular respiration

Electron Transport Chain (ETC) - electrons are transferred to make ATP.

Electron Transport Chain location

Occurs in the mitochondria; yes, oxygen is required.

ATP units from Electron Transport Chain

About 32-34 ATP.

Total ATP from cellular respiration

36-38 ATP.

Efficiency of cellular respiration

40%; not very efficient.

Metabolism

The sum of all chemical reactions that occur in the body.

Role of nutrition in cellular respiration

To be efficient and keep the body functioning at its best.

Nutrition

Fuel for the body.

Importance of healthy eating

You are what you eat.

Importance of exercise

Improves cardiac function and overall health.

Examples of exercises

Running (aerobic), planks (anaerobic).

Switching respiration types

The human body can switch from aerobic to anaerobic respiration if needed.