Biomedical Technology Exam

Which type of research is directed towards specific objectives and isconducted using animals and other nonanimal models such as computersand tissue cultures?

applied research

Congress passed the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments in1988 to ensure the accuracy of diagnostic testing. Under this law, thefederal government regulates many aspects of laboratory operation,including

the training employees receive and the types and quality of instruments used to analyze samples

Research experiments that use animals as models should be set up using the three Rs, which are:

replace, reduce, and refine the use of animals.

Which type of research involves human subjects and is conducted after other forms of research have already taken place?

clinical research

Chemical, mechanical, and computer simulations are effective research methods but cannot

B. replace laboratory testing on animals.

Descriptive epidemiological studies identify:

correlations

Which term best describes the study of disease incidence and its distribution in a population?

C. epidemiology

Julio is a researcher and has been assigned to collect statistical data on the Zika virus. What level of research is he working on if his findings will be used to develop a vaccine or new treatment?

applied

Which type of research method may be conducted on either animals, humans, computer models, or tissue cultures?

applied research

The use of mice in biomedical research most frequently occurs at which level?

applied

What area of science studies biological life processes and the causes for disease?

biomedical research

The Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments passed in 1988:

B. developed technical standards and laboratory practice guidelines.

A major disadvantage of epidemiological studies is that:

considerable human exposure can take place before a toxic effect is detectable.

What research method is the best known surrogate for humans in the laboratory?

C. nonhuman animal models

During biomedical research using animals, a control group was given a placebo. This group will most likely have what type of response?

C. no response

Epidemiology studies may be divided up into three general types:

A. experimental, descriptive, and observational

An experimental medication is being tested on research mice. To obtain the most accurate results, the test should include an experimental group and a/an:

D. control group.

During which phase of clinical trials is the safety and effectiveness of a

C. Phase III

Which phase of clinical research is used to determine a drug's interaction with the human system, involves a small number of healthy volunteers, and usually takes around one year to finish?

A. Phase I

Adult stem cells are to be harvested and transplanted into a patient. Where would these cells most likely be found?

C. in human bone marrow

Which study, performed earlier this century, established that the fourteenth-century Black Plague was spread from rats to humans via fleas?

B. epidemiological

22. Scientists are currently conducting studies in vitro. Where are these studies most likely taking place?

A. in a petri dish or test tube

3. What stage of clinical trials involves extensive testing, using around 1,000-3,000 subjects, with the overall purpose of determining a drug's efficacy and adverse reactions?

Phase 3

Which type of study is the human equivalent of animal testing and is administered by providing or withholding a substance to determine its toxic or beneficial effects?

A. experimental epidemiology

Which group is often given a placebo or inactive substance when a new medication is tested in biomedical research?

B. control

Stan is working with a type of research study with some limitations. This study cannot respond to other functions within a living organism or whole body systems. This type of research can be identified as:

D. in vitro.

Which level of biomedical research is considered a foundation or "building block" level?

A. Basic

Which type of epidemiological study is greatly limited by ethical and legal considerations?

A. experimental

Valid and useful scientific findings are obtainable only when research animals are:

B. in a normal, healthy state

A major university is using animals to study multiple sclerosis. What agency must make annual unannounced inspections of this biomedical research lab?

D. USDA

Which statement best describes the usefulness of animals in biomedical research?

They are similar to humans in their reactions and responses because they have similar biological structures.

Which animal, most often used in medical research, has a short life span, breeds easily, and is biologically similar to humans?

C. mice

The AWA requires all research facilities to establish an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC). This committee is responsible for:

reviewing and approving procedures involving animals

4. The agency that requires all prescription and over-the-counter drugs to be tested on animals before being tested on humans is the:

B. FDA.

Which agency approves the use of animals in research?

D. IACUC

6. Which animal group is used least often in laboratory research?

B. cats and dogs

7. Scientists will have the opportunity to analyze their research over longer periods of time if animals have a longer:

B. life span.

When a researcher anticipates that an animal may experience pain during a procedure, the researcher:

B. makes every effort to ensure the animal does not feel discomfort

Animals are used in biomedical research because:

they are the best surrogates because of their similarities to humans.

0. What organization conducts unannounced inspections of animal research facilities?

D. USDA

What disease was eradicated in the United States due to animal research, and children are no longer required to have its vaccine to enter public school?

smallpox

42. Animal research is only valid if the animals are:

D. not stressed out and are healthy

Which is the main goal for animal research guidelines?

minimize pain and distress of animals

Animals that were not included in the original Animal Welfare Act include:

rats, mice, and birds.

Which agency is in charge of enforcing laws that regulate the use of animals in a research testing facility?

B. USDA

46. The Animal Welfare Act (AWA) applies to all:

B. public and private research facilities.

7. In order for scientific findings to be valid and useful, research animals must be:

healthy and protected from undue stress.

8. The American Association for Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care (AAALAC) is an organization that:

requires accreditation of animal research facilities.

The Animal Welfare Act was originally written to protect the use of:

B. all animals except birds, rats, and mice

The main difference between animal rights and animal welfare is that people who support animal rights believe:

that humans should not interfere with the lives of animals.

Which medical development used to treat children battling leukemia was made possible by animal research?

B. chemotherapy

Which indicator would make research using animals valid?

D. The animals are not placed in a stressful environment.

3. Which agency enforces the Animal Welfare Act?

D. USDA

. The FDA requires laboratory animal testing be conducted for which products before being tested on humans?

prescription and over-the-counter drugs

What percentage of animals used in biomedical research are rodents?

D. 90%-95%

Every effort is made to ensure the animals are pain free during the research process unless:

the pain medicine will interfere with the results.

Which serve as the best surrogates to use for research because of their close similarities to human structures and functions?

D. animals

Human intolerance and discrimination of animals is known as:

C. speciesism.

59. An example of reduction in animal research is:

B. substituting in vitro tests.

The Animal Welfare Act states that the use of animals must be reviewed and approved by which organization?

D. IACUC

The law or act that requires the humane and responsible treatment of animals that are used in biomedical research is the:

C. Animal Welfare Act

2. An example of reduction in animal research is:

B. substituting 1 rabbit for 100 mice.

Which agency enforces the Animal Welfare Act?

D. USDA

Which medical development used to treat children battling leukemia was made possible by animal research?

B. chemotherapy

Which statement best describes the usefulness of animals in biomedical research?

They are similar to humans in their reactions and responses because they have similar biological structures.

An example of reduction in animal research is:

B. substituting 1 rabbit for 100 mice.

5. The Animal Welfare Act was originally written to protect the use of:

B. all animals except birds, rats, and mice.

In order for scientific findings to be valid and useful, research animals must be:

B. healthy and protected from undue stress.

Animals that were not included in the original Animal Welfare Act include:

B. rats, mice, and birds.

The American Association for Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care (AAALAC) is an organization that:

D. requires accreditation of animal research facilities.

What disease was eradicated in the United States due to animal research, and children are no longer required to have its vaccine to enter public school?

D. smallpox

. Which animal group is used least often in laboratory research?

B. cats and dogs

Scientists will have the opportunity to analyze their research over longer periods of time if animals have a longer:

life span.

A major university is using animals to study multiple sclerosis. What agency must make annual unannounced inspections of this biomedical research lab?

USDA

The main difference between animal rights and animal welfare is that people who support animal rights believe:

. that humans should not interfere with the lives of animals.

14. Which is the main goal for animal research guidelines?

minimize pain and distress of animals

5. Which agency approves the use of animals in research?

IACUC

Every effort is made to ensure the animals are pain free during the research process unless

the pain medicine will interfere with the results.

Animals are used in biomedical research because

they are the best surrogates because of their similarities to humans

The law or act that requires the humane and responsible treatment of animals that are used in biomedical research is the:

Animal Welfare Act.

Valid and useful scientific findings are obtainable only when research animals are:

in a normal, healthy state.

When a researcher anticipates that an animal may experience pain during a procedure, the researcher:

makes every effort to ensure the animal does not feel discomfort

Human intolerance and discrimination of animals is known as:

C. speciesism

Which indicator would make research using animals valid?

The animals are not placed in a stressful environment.

What percentage of animals used in biomedical research are rodents?

D. 90%-95%

Animal research is only valid if the animals are:

not stressed out and are healthy.

The agency that requires all prescription and over-the-counter drugs to be tested on animals before being tested on humans is the:

B. FDA

The Animal Welfare Act (AWA) applies to all:

public and private research facilities.

7. The FDA requires laboratory animal testing be conducted for which products before being tested on humans?

prescription and over-the-counter drugs

What organization conducts unannounced inspections of animal research facilities?

D. USDA

Which agency is in charge of enforcing laws that regulate the use of animals in a research testing facility?

USDA

The Animal Welfare Act states that the use of animals must be reviewed and approved by which organization?

IACUC

An example of reduction in animal research is:

substituting in vitro tests

Which serve as the best surrogates to use for research because of their close similarities to human structures and functions?

animals

. Which animal, most often used in medical research, has a short life span, breeds easily, and is biologically similar to humans?

mice

4. The AWA requires all research facilities to establish an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC). This committee is responsible for:

reviewing and approving procedures involving animals.

1. Implanting a gene from one organism into an embryo will create a:

B. transgenic animal.

Replace, reduce, and refine are alternative scientific methods researchers use to:

C. design experiments that do not use animals

Scientists implant genetic information from one species into another to create a customized strain of mice for research. What are these scientists creating?

transgenic animals

Clean rooms are special facilities that are designed to:.

keep airborne particles out.