Biomedical Technology - CTE Review

What organization conducts unannounced inspections of animal research facilities?

USDA

Biomedical research has increased public awareness of the harmfulness of certain behaviors. The reduction of what behavior has decreased heart disease by more than 40%?

Cigarette smoking

Each IACUC must include the following people:

A veterinarian and someone not affiliated with the organization

largest federal agency to fund research

NIH

Use independent peer review accreditation process to award accreditation to research facilities.

AAALAC

The use of animals for research must be reviewed and approved by :

IACUC

ensures high quality of animal care by certifying animal care technicians at 3 levels

AALAS

Computer simulations are an effective research tool because they:

Increase speed and efficiency of existing data

development of the heart lung machine

Applied

scientist developing a new cancer treatment

Applied

humans are given a new experimental drug

Clinical

people volunteer for a vaccine trial

Clinical

scientist studying structure of a virus

Basic

immunologists studying human t-cells

Basic

The AWA requires all research facilities to establish an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC). This committee is responsible for:

reviewing and approving procedures involving animals.

What organization ensures high quality standards in animal care by certifying animal care technicians at three levels?

AALAS (American Association for Laboratory Animal Science)

What is the BEST reason for using animals in research?

Animals provide the best surrogate for humans in the lab.

Which level of biomedical research is considered a foundation or "building block" level?

Basic

Research animals are carefully selected to ensure that…

Only the number and species essential to each research project is used.

What term means "cutting live flesh" ?

vivisection

A researcher has been assigned to collect statistical data on the coronavirus.

What level of research is he working on if his findings will be used to develop a vaccine or new treatment?

applied

The scientific community uses an independent, peer reviewed accreditation process called the:

AAALAC or American Association for Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care

What law or act that requires the humane and responsible treatment of animals that are used in biomedical research ?

Animal Welfare Act

In vitro studies are critical to the study of what microorganism that can only grow in living cells?

Virus

Animals used in biomedical research are cared for by:

Technicians who perform in a manner similar to nurses in a hospital.

Which type of research involves human subjects and is conducted after other forms of research have already taken place?

clinical

Which of the following is NOT an organization that regulates the care of animals in biomedical research?

PETA

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding pain in animal testing?

A study by the USDA shows that in 94% of animal studies, animals suffered no pain.

The main difference between animal rights and animal welfare is that people who support animal rights believe:

that humans should not interfere with the lives of animals.

Which type of research is directed towards specific objectives and is conducted using animals and other nonanimal models such as computers and tissue cultures?

applied

The use of mice in biomedical research most frequently occurs at which level?

applied

Stan is working with a type of research study with some limitations. This study cannot respond to other functions within a living organism or whole body systems.

This type of research can be identified as:

in vitro

Most research animals are:

Bred specifically for that purpose.

Adult stem cells are undifferentiated cells that are also known as:

somatic stem cells

Titanium dioxide particles in sunscreen may accumulate in a water source. This is known as:

Bioaccumulation

What is the meaning of the term decellularization?

The process to remove all cells and living tissues from an organ

The two types of microscopes used for manipulating material on the nanoscale are:

scanning probe and helium ion.

Nanobiotechnology research must be conducted in which type of space designed specifically to keep out all airborne particles?

clean room

Using genetically modified pigs to harvest heart valves for humans demonstrates which benefit of genetically modified organisms?

tissue and organ donors

What is the goal of tissue regeneration research?

To replace tissues or organs

When producing transgenic animals, how do scientist get a transgene into another animal?

They inject it to a single embryo

A xenograft is used in a heart transplant. Where did this tissue come from?

a different species

Chemical properties refer to how the material will:

interact with other materials.

The process by which the concentration of a contaminant increases as it passes up the food chain:

Biomagnification

Dolly sheep will be remembered historically as the first:

Cloned mammal

Pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) are reprogrammed adult cells produced in a lab to take on characteristics of which type of stem cell?

embryonic stem cells

When researchers apply for a patent from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, for what process are they seeking approval?

creating a transgenic animal

Adult stem cells are to be harvested and transplanted into a patient. Where would these cells most likely be found?

Bone marrow

In regenerative medicine, once the biomaterial matrix is developed, the scaffolds must be able to:

dissolve

Physical Properties refer to:

properties that can be measured without changing the composition of the material such as color, density and boiling temperature.

What are the materials that surround and support cells during the tissue regeneration process?

extracellular matrix

What cloning technique was used to create dolly?

somatic cell nuclear transfer

What do pharmaceutical companies use to produce insulin in the laboratories?

Bacteria

Implanting a gene from one organism into an embryo will create a:

transgenic animal

What animal was successfully cloned in a research facility in Scotland in 1996 from an adult stem cell?

sheep

What do people who are opposed to transgenic animal research believe?

Transgenic animals threaten our environment, health, and food safety

When scientists are able to use an organ from another species for transplantation, this is known as:

a xenograft

Most medical scientist support what type of cloning?

Therapeutic

Beth was diagnosed with breast cancer that has spread to her bone. Her cancer is:

metastatic

A scientist specializing in biomedical research for cancer may analyze which cellular component when studying the life cycle of a cell?

Genes

Which type of biopsy, also called a cytology test, uses a very thin needle, does not cut through the skin, but sometimes does not remove enough tissue for a definite diagnosis?

fine needle aspiration biopsy

The origin of most malignant tumors are:

monoclonal

What type of cancer is a female patient predisposed to if she has already been diagnosed with HPV?

cervical

Any substance that causes cancer by either damaging genes or disrupting metabolic processes is called a:

carcinogen

A mass of cancerous cells that originates in the epithelial layer of skin or within the lining of internal organs is known as:

carcinoma

Martha's colon cancer has not spread. When abnormal cells are only found in the tissue of origin, this refers to:

in situ

Which approach would effectively and noninvasively address most forms of cancer?

prevention

The nucleus of a cancer cell when compared to a normal cell is:

larger

The American Cancer Society has stated that one-third of all cancers are caused by:

smoking

A cancerous tumor's function closely resembles which part of the human body?

organ

During which phase of tumor development is the mass considered malignant?

invasive

What system in the human body can recognize foreign cells like cancer cells?

Immune System

The main contributing factor for most cases of uncontrolled cell division that occurs in human cancers is:

mutation of genes

Which president signed the National Cancer Act of 1971 and declared "war" on cancer?

Nixon

When cancer is diagnosed, fair skin and the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are examples of:

inherited predispositions

Which DNA structure provides a set of instructions for a cell to make specific proteins?

Gene

What is a chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA and causes a genetic alteration?

mutagen

Cancer is the breakdown of what normal body process?

cell division

Which lifestyle factor is the best way to prevent most forms of skin cancer?

avoiding sun exposure during peak hours

What is the first stage of tumor development?

Mutation

Which type of cancer accounts for the highest number of deaths each year?

lung

A chronic cough, blood-tinged sputum, and dyspnea (difficulty breathing) are symptoms of which cancer?

lung

What is melanoma?

cancer of pigmented cells

Which statement below best describes hyperplasia?

The pre-cancerous state where an organ or tissue is enlarged due to the increased reproduction rate of cells.

In the normal cellular processes, which genes inhibit cell division?

tumor-suppressor genes

DNA segments at the end of chromosomes that play a part in cell age are called:

telomeres

The number of people diagnosed with cancer each year per 100,000 people refers to:

incidence rate

A patient was just told that he has cancer. What medical term will be used by the doctor to document these positive test results?

diagnosis

Some infections are not virulent. What is meant by this statement?

The disease is not likely to spread and cause multiple people to get sick.

Once pathogens have entered the host, adhered to host cells, and invaded host tissues, what also occurs within the body prior to a disease being diagnosed?

The pathogen inflicts damage on those tissues.

An Opportunistic infection is:

Illness that occurs when the body’s defenses are low. For example candida yeast

Cancer patients rely on the public to have what type of immunity to protect them from diseases?

Herd immunity

Which disease has occurred throughout human history, but has only recently been recognized as a distinct disease due to the infection's potential to spread to the heart, joints, and nervous system?

Lyme disease

Which level of law mandates sewage treatment?

federal

The NIH, CDC, and FDA are all divisions under which federal agency?

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)

Bacteria use which process to reproduce quickly?

binary fission

What has been used in the manufacture of vaccine since the 1940s ?

chicken eggs

A team of researchers is dispatched to South America to study the occurrence of the Zika virus within that region's population. What is this an example of?

epidemiology studies