NTCBD NCLEX RN Class-18 Lecture Notes

These flashcards cover the key medical conditions, pharmacological treatments, and nursing interventions discussed in the NCLEX RN Class-18 lecture notes.

Autonomic dysreflexia

A condition resulting from spinal cord injury above T6 characterized by high BP, severe headache, decreased HR, a full bladder, and constipation.

Bell's palsy

Damage or inflammation of the facial nerve causing drooping of the eyelid and mouth on one side of the face.

Delirium

Short-term confusion often caused by infection (UTI), hypoxia, opioid drugs, or a decrease in $Na^+$ or glucose.

Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS)

Ground-to-up paralysis beginning with lower extremity weakness that can progress to respiratory failure, inability to cough or speak, and the need for a mechanical ventilator.

Myasthenia Gravis

An autoimmune disorder that damages acetylcholine receptors, leading to muscle weakness in the face and lungs, eye drooping, dysphagia, and dyspnea.

Multiple sclerosis

A condition where the immune system attacks the myelin sheath of nerve fibers, causing ataxia, muscle spasms, and communication problems between the brain and body.

Parkinson's disease

A neurological disorder characterized by low Dopamine and high acetylcholine, manifesting as shifting gait, pill rolling, tremors, and drooling.

Acute glomerulonephritis (AGN)

Kidney inflammation often following a recent Strep infection (sore throat), resulting in hematuria (dark urine), oliguria ($< 30\,ml/hr$), periorbital edema, and high BP.

Nephrotic Syndrome

A kidney disorder characterized by massive protein and albumin loss, kidney damage, and hypertension.

Pyelonephritis

Inflammation of the kidney featuring flank pain that radiates to the umbilicus and costovertebral angle tenderness.

Placenta Previa

A condition where the placenta covers the cervix, causing painless, bright red vaginal bleeding; vaginal exams are contraindicated.

Abruptio placenta

The premature detachment of the placenta causing severe pain, dark bleeding, fetal hypoxia, and a decrease in Hb and Hct.

Ectopic pregnancy

A pregnancy outside the uterus characterized by red vaginal spotting and abdominal pain; rupture of the fallopian tube can lead to shock and peritonitis.

HELLP Syndrome

A severe complication of preeclampsia consisting of Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, and Low Platelets, often presenting with RUQ pain.

Retinal Detachment

A condition described as having curtain-like vision, floaters, or a shadow in the side of vision; patients must avoid coughing or straining.

Disequilibrium syndrome

A complication of hemodialysis caused by a decrease in $Na^+$ leading to headache, confusion, and muscle twitching.

Tension pneumothorax

A life-threatening emergency where air collects in the pleural space, causes tracheal deviation away from the affected side, absent breath sounds, and hypotension.

Hyperthyroidism

A condition characterized by exophthalmos, goiter, high BP, high HR, heat intolerance, and the risk of a thyroid storm.

Myxedema coma

A severe complication of hypothyroidism featuring a puffy face, non-pitting edema, and decreased respiration/BP that may require an ETT at the bedside.

Osteoarthritis

A joint condition where pain decreases with rest and increases with physical activity.

Rheumatoid arthritis

An autoimmune condition involving symmetrical small joint pain and swelling where pain decreases with activity and increases with rest.

Hemophilia

A clotting factor disorder (factors VIII and IX) causing bleeding and swollen, painful joints.

Epiglottitis

A deadly condition characterized by fever, drooling, and stridor; often linked to Hemophilia Influenza type b virus.

Silent chest

A sudden absence of wheezing in a patient with severe asthma, indicating imminent respiratory arrest.

Valsalva maneuver

A technique used for SVT or chest tube removal, but contraindicated in patients with increased ICP, IOP, or esophageal varices.

NSAID induced renal injury

Occurs when NSAIDs inhibit renal prostaglandins, leading to vasoconstriction of the renal arteriole and decreased renal perfusion.

Granulation tissue

Pink-colored new connective tissue and vasculature that fills a wound from its base, protecting the surface and indicating healing.

Angiogenesis

The process of forming new capillaries, which helps the body heal from wounds.

Fentanyl Patch

A potent opioid delivery system for persistent pain that lasts up to $72\,hrs$ and must be applied to clean, dry, hair-free skin.

Naloxone

The antidote for opioid-induced respiratory depression, effective for $1-2\,hrs$, often requiring repeat doses.

Thiamine

The treatment used for alcohol intoxication to prevent Wernicke encephalopathy (ataxia, paresthesia, memory impairment).

Delirium tremens

A severe form of alcohol withdrawal characterized by SNS activation (high BP/HR), confusion, hallucinations, and fever; treated with benzodiazepines.

Dantrolene

A medication used to treat muscle rigidity.

Pupil Constriction

A physical response caused by exposure to light or the use of opioid drugs.

Pupil Dilation

A physical response caused by darkness, stimulants (Cocaine, Amphetamines), or brain injury (increased ICP, stroke).