culture definitions ch 7

whites

what race is declining because of the increase in diversity?

cultural competence

A skill the nurse develops in learning to respect individual dignity and preferences as well as acknowledging cultural differences in the way clients and families respond to illness and treatment, that may be different from the typical

culture, race and ethnicity

•Three things influence our understanding of human behavior:

culture

a set of beliefs, values, and assumptions about life that are widely held among a group of people and that are transmitted across generations

race

•a biological designation whereby group members share features (e.g., skin  color, bone structure, genetic traits such as blood groupings)

ethnicity

shared feeling of peoplehood among a group of individuals (degree of identification an individual feels with a particular ethnic group)

early on when learning language and socialization as a child

when is culture learned?

a persons individuality

what shouldn’t we overlook within a culture?

cultural diversity

•Degree of variation that is represented among populations based on lifestyle, ethnicity, race, interest, across place, and place of origin across time

-includes awareness of the presence of differences among members of a group

social organization

describes the significance of individual members of a family or the family as a whole and can affect how decisions are made

time orientation

individuals may focus on past present or future

enviornmental control

belief in how the environment affects the individual

biological variations

can be linked to genetic ties from relatives and can include growth and development, lab finding, skin color, and susceptibility to disease

biomedical beliefs

•based on identifying a biophysical cause and treatment for health problems

•This is the way most medical facilities in the US function – body functions like a machine

CLAS standards

states that health care institutions must provide clients with trained knowledge and qualified interpreters that must have knowledge of the clients culture and medical terminology

naturalistic beliefs

•relate the individual as part of nature or creation – imbalances cause disease

•Hot – cold theory of balance accompanies this belief

magico-religious beliefs

illness is linked to supernatural forces, or good and evil; includes belief in faith healing and voodoo and witchcraft practices 

folk healers

speak the native tongue of the client, make house calls, and cost less than practitioners in the biomedical-scientific health care system

-do things like herb remedies, praying and massages

culture bound syndromes

•a set of symptoms that are unique to a particular culture and are influenced by cultural beliefs, values, and practices.

-like anorexia and bulimia

legal immigrants

not a citizen; allowed to live/work in U. S. ; known as lawful permanent residents

refugee/asylees

admitted based on fear of persecution due to their race, religion, nationality, social group, or political views

nonimmigrants

•admitted to U. S. for a limited duration/specific purpose (i.e., students, tourists)

unauthorized immigrants

•may have crossed  border illegally or legal permission expired; eligible only for emergency medical services – immunizations, STD & communicable disease treatments, and school lunches

foreign-born

people born outside of their current country of residence

refugee

applies for protection while overseas and enters the US as it

Asylee

a person who meets the definition of a refugee and is already in the US or is seeking admission at a port of entry- may be eligible for SSI, Medicaid, food assistance through SNAP, and TANF

nurses culture differs from clients causing misunderstandings

non-culturally competent care can lead to increased costs and decreased positive outcomes

to meet healthy people 2030 objectives

reasons for nurses to be culturally competent:

maintain a borad, objective, and open attitude towards individuals and their culture

avoid seeing all individuals alike

two principles for developing cultural competence

cultural awareness

Being conscious of similarities & differences among & between cultural groups; includes self-examination and in-depth exploration of one’s own biases, stereotypes, and prejudices that influence behavior.

cultural knowledge

Having information about different cultures so you can avoid misinterpretation & help clients’ cooperate with health care regimens

cultural skill

Using awareness and knowledge to develop appropriate skills to care for diverse clients (appropriate touch, distance, etc.)

cultural encounters

opportunities to engage in cross – cultural interactions

direct and indirect

cultural desire

a desire to learn about clients of different cultures rather than being required to

cultural preservation

– supporting practices of clients’ culture & biomedical culture; you should know when client’s are using traditional practices with those prescribed so there’s no interference

-acupuncture and acupressure

cultural accommodation

accommodating client’s cultural practices when not harmful

cultural repatterining

changing cultural practices that are harmful

cultural brokering

advocating, negotiating, and intervening on clients’ behalf with the biomedical culture

cultural brokering

an immigrant client explains that he can not take off of work for health problems most of the time and he is coming in for a visit because he is sick. The nurse teaches prevention health promotion and does what she needs to do this visit since she doesn’t know when he will be back. what is this an example of

sterotyping

assuming certain beliefs and behaviors about a group to an individual

ex: all asians are hard working

prejudice

refers to having a deeply held reaction often negative about another group or person

ex: person may be negatively viewed because pf skin color, religion, or social groups

racism

form of prejudice and refers to the belief that persons who are into a particular group are inferior ( in intelligence, morals, beauty or self worth)

ethnocentrism

cultural prejudice; belief that ones own group determines standard is by which all other groups are to be judged. they think they are the best

cultural blindness

treat everyone the same and ignores the differences among cultures

cultural imposition

forcing your own cultural beliefs, values, or practices onto someone of another culture

cultural relativism

recognize that clients have different approaches to their health and that each culture should be judged on own merit and not on the nurses personal beliefs

cultural conflict

2 or more people with diff beliefs that can cause disagreement

cultural shock

feeling helpless, discomfort and disorientation by an individual attempting to adapt to another culture

anxiety, depression, loneliness, being homesick, disturbed sleep, isolation, decreased productivity, poor time management and personality changes

what are common symptoms of cultural shock

first is collecting self identifying data based on their ethnic background, family structure, food patterns and healtj practices

next you want to know how they perceive their on health needs

final step is seeing how cultural factors affect their nursing interventions

what are the steps to collecting a cultural nursing assessment