Theological exam

Adoration

Worshiping God alone

Antipope

False pope not elected by a Conclave

Caesaropapism

King's belief in authority over Church ideas

Conciliarism

Council having more authority than the Pope

Conclave

Cardinals electing a Pope

Consecrated Hosts

Bread blessed to become Christ's body

Dogma

Important Church teaching

Faith

Complete trust in God

Filioque

Affirms equality between Father and Son

Grace

God's gift of salvation

Greek

Language used in the Eastern Church

Henry VIII

Initiated the English Church

Heresy

False teaching leading astray

Holy Spirit

Person within the Trinity

Iconoclasm

Destruction of sacred images

Latin

Language of the Western Church

Martin Luther

Started Lutheranism and the Reformation

Orthodoxy

Correct teaching

Schism

Division between parties

The Second Council of Nicea

Introduced Veneration and Adoration

Simony

Buying or selling Church powers

Unleavened Bread

Bread without yeast

Veneration

Respect for icons, relics, or saints

Absenteeism

Pope or bishop not present in their designated place

Anglicanism

Americanized version of the English Church

Antipope Clement VII

French-elected "Pope"

Antipope John XXIII

Elected by Cardinals and Bishops

Anne Boleyn

Queen of England after marrying Henry VIII

Avignon Papacy

Period when Popes resided in France

Black Death

Plague causing mass deaths in Europe

Calvinism

The teachings of John Calvin

Catherine of Siena

Influenced Pope Gregory XI to return to Rome

Catherine of Aragon

Henry VIII's wife unable to produce a male heir

Catholic

Universal Church

Charlemagne

Crowned Holy Roman Emperor

Church

Community of believers

Consubstantiation

Coexistence of bread and Christ's body

Council of Constance

Aimed to resolve the Papal Schism

Council of Trent

Addressed abuses and reaffirmed Catholic teachings

Deposit of Faith

Sources of faith in Scripture and Tradition

Determinism

Predestination to heaven or hell

Diet of Worms

Luther's excommunication and defense opportunity

Doctrine

Set of important beliefs

Eastern vs

Eastern Orthodox

Constantinople's Church branch

Eucharist

Bread and wine becoming Christ's body and blood

Excommunication

Removal from the Church

Greed

Desire for personal gain

Heresy

False Church teaching

Indulgence

Grace received through Church forgiveness

Ignatius of Loyola

Founder of the Jesuits

Justification by Faith

Sola Fide principle

Magisterium

Official Church teachings

Martin V

Elected Pope after the Council of Constance

Orthopraxy

Correct practice

Papal Bull

Official Church letter

Papal Schism

Period with multiple Popes

Pluralism

Coexistence of multiple beliefs

Pope Gregory XI

Ended the Avignon Papacy

Pope Leo X

Pope during the Reformation

Pope Urban VI

Legitimate Pope during the Schism

Praxis

Faith in action

Protestant Reformation

Movement led by Martin Luther

Predestination

Predetermined destination to heaven or hell

Purgatory

State of purification before heaven

Sacrament

Source of grace

Scrupulosity

Excessive worry and lack of trust in God

Sola Fide

Justification by faith alone

Sola Scriptura

Sole reliance on Scripture

Tetzel

Sold indulgences, associated with simony

Thomas Cranmer

Influential figure in the English Reformation

Thomas More

Martyred for opposing King's Church authority

Tradition

Lived Church experience affirmed by the Magisterium

Transubstantiation

Bread and wine becoming Christ's body and blood

The Crowning of Charlemagne (800)

Avignon Papacy (1309-1377)

The Cardinals elect aggressive Italian reformer Pope Urban VI (1378)

French Cardinals