Psychology: Memory & Science Inquiry

Ethical Guidelines

Ensure the well-being of participants and the integrity of the research process.

Ethics Committee

Research must be approved by this committee before proceeding.

Protection from Harm

Ensure participants are not exposed to physical or psychological harm.

Informed Consent

Participants must understand the nature of the study and voluntarily agree to participate.

Withdrawal Rights

Participants can leave the study at any time without penalty.

Deception

Should only be used if absolutely necessary, with debriefing afterward.

Confidentiality and Privacy

Participants' personal information must be kept confidential.

Voluntary Participation

Participation must be entirely voluntary, with no coercion.

Debriefing

Participants must be informed about the study's purpose after its conclusion.

Sensation

The process of receiving stimuli from the environment.

Perception

The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information.

Selective Attention

Focus on particular stimuli while ignoring others.

Divided Attention

Ability to focus on multiple tasks simultaneously.

Multi-Store Model of Memory

A model describing memory in terms of sensory register, short-term memory, and long-term memory.

Working Memory Model

A model that explains the processing and storage of information through components such as the Central Executive and Phonological Loop.

Independent Variable (IV)

The variable manipulated by the researcher.

Dependent Variable (DV)

The variable that is measured in response to the IV.

Control Variables

Variables kept constant to ensure valid results.

Directional Hypothesis

Specifies the direction of the effect in a study.

Qualitative Data

Non-numerical, descriptive data.

Quantitative Data

Numerical data that can be measured and analyzed statistically.

Mean

The average score of a data set.

Median

The middle score when data is ordered.

Hippocampus

Critical in the formation and storage of new memories.

Cerebellum

Involved in the storage of implicit (procedural) memories.

Amygdala

Plays a key role in processing emotions and emotional memories.

Convenience Sampling

Selecting participants who are readily available.

Snowballing

Current participants recruit others for the study.

Random Sampling

Each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.

Stratified Sampling

Population is divided into subgroups, and participants are randomly selected from each.

Random Allocation

Ensures participants are assigned to different conditions randomly.