Haloalkanes and Haloarenes Practice Flashcards

Vocabulary-style flashcards covering the classification, clinical importance, and naming conventions of haloalkanes and haloarenes based on the provided chemistry lecture notes.

Haloalkanes

Compounds formed by the replacement of hydrogen atom(s) in an aliphatic hydrocarbon by halogen atom(s), where the halogen is attached to the $sp^3$ hybridised carbon atom of an alkyl group.

Haloarenes

Compounds formed by the replacement of hydrogen atom(s) in an aromatic hydrocarbon by halogen atom(s), where the halogen is attached to $sp^2$ hybridised carbon atom(s) of an aryl group.

Chloramphenicol

A chlorine containing antibiotic produced by microorganisms that is very effective for the treatment of typhoid fever.

Thyroxine

An iodine containing hormone produced by the body, the deficiency of which causes the disease called goiter.

Chloroquine

A synthetic halogen compound used for the treatment of malaria.

Halothane

A synthetic halogen compound used as an anaesthetic during surgery.

Primary ($1^{\circ}$) alkyl halide

An alkyl halide where the halogen is attached to a primary carbon atom.

Secondary ($2^{\circ}$) alkyl halide

An alkyl halide where the halogen is attached to a secondary carbon atom.

Tertiary ($3^{\circ}$) alkyl halide

An alkyl halide where the halogen is attached to a tertiary carbon atom.

Allylic halides

Compounds in which the halogen atom is bonded to an $sp^3$-hybridised carbon atom adjacent to a carbon-carbon double bond ($C=C$).

Benzylic halides

Compounds in which the halogen atom is bonded to an $sp^3$-hybridised carbon atom attached to an aromatic ring.

Vinylic halides

Compounds in which the halogen atom is bonded to a $sp^2$-hybridised carbon atom of a carbon-carbon double bond ($C=C$).

Aryl halides

Compounds in which the halogen atom is directly bonded to the $sp^2$-hybridised carbon atom of an aromatic ring.

Geminal halides

Also known as gem-dihalides, these are dihalo-compounds where both halogen atoms are present on the same carbon atom of the chain.

Vicinal halides

Also known as vic-dihalides, these are dihalo-compounds where halogen atoms are present on adjacent carbon atoms.

Alkylidene halides

The common name used for geminal halides (gem-dihalides).

Alkylene dihalides

The common name used for vicinal halides (vic-dihalides).