Speech & Hearing Midterm

dB IL

dB intensity level; sound power, measurable, used by physicists

Inertia

the tendency of an object to resist a change in its motion

dB SL

dB sensation level; referenced to an individual's hearing threshold

Elasticity

restoring force of a material which brings it back to its original shape

direct

intensity and loudness relationship

sine waves

results from simple harmonic motion

Periodic

repeating pattern

ways to improve classroom acoustics

decrease distance, come closer; decrease noise; increase signal, speak louder

Aperiodic

irregular movement over time

indirect

frequency and period's relationship

dB A

a unit of measuring intensity of sound that mimics how the human ear hears at various frequencies

P2 - List and define each component of a sine wave

3. wavelength: The distance of the sine wave; From one hump to the other 4. phase: Specifies the location of a point within a wave cycle of a repetitive waveform (phase shift: how far the function is shifted horizontally

indirect

frequency and wavelength's relationship

50 dB HL

level of conversational speech

P1 - List and define each component of a sine wave

1. amplitude: the maximum of the waveform 2. period: the time it takes a waveform to complete one cycle - the interval of time over which the waveform repeats itself.

low frequencies

-have longer wavelengths and travel well through barriers -Low frequencies span the range of loudness with a smaller range of SPLs -slow vibrations

speech and hearing studies three things, what are they?

linguistics, acoustics, and audiology

high frequencies

-Have shorter wavelengths -Tend to reflect off barriers -fast vibrations

Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM)

a repetitive predictable vibratory pattern

Pitch

psychological perception of frequency

Medium

air; substance that sound travels through

Disturbance

force that moves the molecules

Condensation

where air molecules are forced together; positive displacement

Rarefaction

where air molecules are spaced farther apart; negative displacement

Complex tone

two or more sounds of differing frequencies; any sound in real life, speech, music, noise

Pure tone

one frequency, not found in nature

Phase

relative point in time in a cycle

Intensity

amount or magnitude of a sound (dB)

dB SPL

dB sound pressure level referenced to measurable physical sound pressure, used nu audiologists and acousticians

Acoustics

the study of sound

Period

time to complete one cycle, measured in sec

dB HL

dB hearing level reference to normal hearing

Loudness

psychological perception of intensity; what is measured with a sound level meter

Sound Wave

a longitudinal wave that is caused by vibrations and that travels through a material medium

Log

exponent or power to which a base must be raised to for a given number

Sound

an audible disturbance transmitted in an elastic medium, created by a force, that is propagated in all directions

Wavelength

distance of one cycle, measured in m/cycle

Frequency

number of cycles per second, measured in Hz

Audiometric Zero

designated as 0 db HL; lowest dB SPL a tone is audible at each frequency

Phon Curve

the measure of loudness' perception as a function of frequency

Linguistics

the scientific study of the structure, sounds, and meaning of language

Damping

when an air molecule is hit by a force this back and forth motion repeats itself at the same rate, but the amplitude is decreased over time

Mel

measure of pitch

Sine Wave

a wave whose source vibrates with simple harmonic motion

direct

period and wavelength relationship

direct

frequency and pitch relationship