consonants speech and hearing science

How do you know that you are hearing an approximant, or viewing it on a spectrogram?

Formant transitions from/to the surrounding sounds are really slow, causing there to be formant movement throughout the approximant

A /j/ (starting the word "you") has similar formants to what vowel?

/i/ ("ee")

If you are listening or looking at a spectrogram, how do you recognize a nasal?

Low amplitude for all formants and really low F1 (250-500 Hz)

After figuring out that a sound is a nasal, what would be the best way to tell /m/ apart from /n/?

/m/ has evenly spaced formants and /n/ has a larger gap between F1 and F2 than between F2 and F3.

Which is the correct order of sounds in a stop?

closure (stop), burst (transient), aspiration

The stops /p/ and /k/ would have bursts with the most energy in the lower frequencies

false

Which acoustic features do we use to distinguish between voiced and voiceless stops?

Duration of closure is longer for voiced stops and duration of burst and/or voice onset time is longer for voiceless stops.

If you saw a stop followed by a vowel where F1 and F3 increased substantially during/after the stop but F2 decreased during/after the stop, it would probably be a velar stop (back of tongue against soft palate).

false

All stridents are sibilants.

false

A voiceless fricative has most of its energy above 3700 Hz.  Which sound is it most likely?

/s/

The easiest way to tell /f/ and /v/ apart is...

Voicing bar and/or vertical striations for /v/ only

What is the biggest difference between a stop and an affricate?

Affricates have frication during the aspiration phase

Affricates are combinations of the acoustic features of _______ and fricatives

stops