bio1121 4+5+histology

The three types of protein fibers in connective tissue are:

collagen, reticular, and elastic

Cells that are flat and thin are classified as:

squamous

The epithelia that line body cavities and blood vessels are classified as":

simple squamous

The function of simple cuboidal epithelium is:

absorption and secretion

Transitional epithelium is found:

lining the urinary bladder and ureters

Cells that store fat are called:

adipocytes

The viscous component of connective tissue matrix is called:

ground substance

The internal framework or stroma of organs such as the spleen, liver, and lymph nodes is made up of ________ tissue.

reticular

The dominant type of extracellular protein fiber in dense connective tissue is:

collagen

Defense cells in blood are called white blood cells or

leukocytes

Chondrocytes are to cartilage as osteocytes are to:

bones

The reduction of friction between the parietal and visceral surfaces of an internal cavity is the function of:

serous membranes

Which type of tissue membrane is characteristically dry?

cutaneous

Tissue that is specialized for contraction is ________ tissue.

muscle

Voluntary movements are carried out by the contraction of:

skeletal muscles

Most of the nervous tissue of the body is in the:

brain and spinal cord

Inflammation is:

a process that clears damaged cells and dangerous microorganisms from an injury.

What best describes pseudostratified

epithelium?

Single layer of cells with various heights

What are the visible characteristics of ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

-Goblet cells are columnar cells that can be seen interspersed within the tissue.
- The nuclei are found in multiple planes, giving the illusion of multiple cell layers.
- Cilia project from the apical surface into the lumen.

Identify the functions of ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

secretion and movement

Where is ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium found in the body?

-Lining the nasal cavity
-Lining large bronchi
-Lining the trachea

What body system contains pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

Respiratory system

How would you interpret a micrograph that shows a cuboidal cell without a nucleus?

When preparing the slide, the blade did not cut through the nucleus.

Which of these are characteristics of simple cuboidal epithelium?

-Simple cuboidal epithelium consists of a single layer of cube-shaped cells.
-Simple cuboidal epithelium is found next to free space called the lumen.
-Simple cuboidal epithelium frequently forms tubular or spherical structures in the body.

Identify the primary functions of simple cuboidal epithelium.

absorption and secretion

Where is simple cuboidal epithelium found in the body?

-Kidney tubules
-Thyroid follicles

Identify the best description for the shape of squamous cells.

plate-like, flat

Which of these are characteristics of simple squamous epithelium?

-Simple squamous epithelium is found next to free space called the lumen.
-Simple squamous cells attach to form a sheet-like arrangement.

Identify the primary function(s) of simple squamous epithelium cells.

-Filtration
-Diffusion

Where is simple squamous epithelium found in the body?

-Lining of blood vessels
-Air sacs of the lungs
-Kidneys (glomerular capsule)

Having multiple layers of flat cells against a free surface describes which of the following?

Stratified squamous epithelium

Where is the basement membrane located?

At the boundary between connective tissue and epithelium

Which of these are visible characteristics of stratified squamous epithelium?

-Stratified squamous epithelium is always adjacent to a free space or lumen.
-The squamous cells closer to the lumen are flatter while the squamous cells closer to the connective tissue are fuller and rounder.
-There are so many layers of cells that it would be difficult to count them precisely.

What is the function of stratified squamous epithelium?

Protection

Where is stratified squamous epithelium found in the body?

-Lining of the esophagus
-Lining of the vagina
-Epidermis

Which description is best for transitional epithelium?

Cells that are more cuboidal in a relaxed state but more squamous when stretched.

What are the visible characteristics of transitional epithelium?

-Rounded apical surfaces that resemble a tombstone shape.
-Multiple layers of cells.
-Neighbors a hollow cavity called the lumen.

Identify the function of transitional epithelium.

Flexibility

Where is transitional epithelium found in the body?

-Lining of the urinary bladder
-Lining of the proximal portion of the urethra
-Lining of the ureters

What is the only body system that contains transitional epithelium?

Urinary system

A single layer of tall rectangular cells best describes which of the following?

Simple columnar epithelium

Describe the apical surface.

-Secretions from goblet cells are released from the apical surface of a cell.
-The apical surface is sometimes covered with cilia.
-The apical surface is closest to or on the luminal surface.

Identify the primary functions of simple columnar epithelium.

absorption and secretion

Where is simple columnar epithelium found in the body?

-Lining the stomach
-Lining the uterine (fallopian) tubes
-Lining the small and large intestine

Identify the one characteristic that does NOT describe a goblet cell.

Component of a mucous gland

What is the function of cilia?

Movement of something across the cell's surface

What type of connective tissue is areolar connective tissue?

Loose connective tissue

What are the visible characteristics of areolar connective tissue?

-Fibers create an observable woven or web-type pattern.
-Multiple cell types are present.
-Multiple types of fibers running in different directions.

Identify the primary functions of areolar connective tissue.

-Supports epithelium
-Connects different tissue types

Where is areolar connective tissue found in the body?

-Underlying the epithelium of the esophagus
-Underlying the epithelium of the trachea
-Underlying the epidermis

What fiber type permits areolar connective tissue to retain a degree of flexibility?

Elastic

What does the term "dense" in "dense irregular connective tissue" refer to?

Density of fibers

What are the visible characteristics of dense irregular connective tissue?

-Collagen fibers running in different directions.
-Fibroblast nuclei are visible in a sporadic arrangement.
-Fibers create a woven or web-type pattern observable on the slide.

Identify the primary function(s) of dense irregular connective tissue.

-Resists stress applied along multiple spatial planes
-Provides strength

Where is dense irregular connective tissue found in the body?

-Forms thin encasements around many organs
-Deep regions of the dermis

What is the dominant fiber type found in dense irregular connective tissue?

Collagen

What does the term "regular" in "dense regular connective tissue" refer to?

Fibers run parallel.

What are the visible characteristics of dense regular connective tissue?

-Fibroblast nuclei are visible, sporadically located between fibers.
-Collagen fibers or elastic fibers running in the same direction.
-Very little ground substance and few cells are observable on the slide.

Identify the primary function(s) of dense regular connective tissue.

-Resists bidirectional tensions applied along one spatial plane
-Provides strength and durability

Where is dense regular connective tissue found in the body?

-Forms part of the wall of large arteries
-Forms tendons

What are the fiber types found in the two forms of dense regular connective tissue?

Collagen and elastic

What visual feature sets hyaline cartilage apart from other types of cartilage?

Matrix appears transparent

Identify the primary function(s) of hyaline cartilage.

-Provides structural support
-Provides strength

Where is hyaline cartilage found in the body?

-Trachea
-Joints
-Nose

Where do sebaceous glands and sebaceous follicles discharge their secretions? (Figure 5-13)

hair follicle; epidermis

The layer of the skin that contains bundles of collagen and elastic fibers responsible for the strength of the skin is the ________ layer.

reticular

What structure is responsible for increasing surface area to provide for the strength of attachment between the epidermis and dermis?

epidermal ridge

All of the following are true of epidermal ridges except that they

extend into the hypodermis

The layer of stem cells that constantly divide to renew the epidermis is the

stratum basale.

Thin skin contains ________ epidermal layer(s) and thick skin contains ________ layers.

4; 5

The sensory cells associated with the deep layers of the epidermis are

tactile discs.

The layer of epidermis where most cells have stopped dividing and started making large amounts of keratin is the

stratum granulosum.

The dermis is composed of the papillary layer and the __________.

reticular layer

Melanocytes __________.

store melanin in melanosomes

When the arrector pili muscles contract,

"goose bumps" are formed.

The nail body covers the

nail bed