CAFS: individuals and groups

types of groups

• family and friendship groups

• sporting and leisure groups

• study and work groups

• religious groups

• cultural groups

reasons for types of groups

in order for apects on specific needs (SHESEA) to be met, not being in a minority can cause a decrease in overall wellbeing (SPEECS)

reasons for group formation

• locality / geography

• gender

• shared interests / common goals

• security

• sexuality

• social interaction

• religion

• culture

why are groups formed?

to fulfill the desire to connect with something beyond the ego or to help find self fufillment

• specific toles adopted by individuals in groups

• task orientated: to ensure tasks are achieved

• sociomotional: to maintain/build relationships

• destructive: to influence the groups progress

norms in groups

may be established formally as rules, or may be expected as standard behaviour

falure to conform in groups

may result in rejection or isolation.

conformity in groups

acknowldge and eccaptance of group values

if conformity is achieved this creates…

cohesivness

factors that contribute to the role individuals adopt within groups

• personal factors

• self esteem

• self confidence

• education

• previous experience

• sense of belonging

• culture

• heredity-

• social factors in group members

• relationship with group members

• attitudes of a group member

• gender expectation

• media

• conducting and recording observations

researchers check for nonverbal indicators of feelings, determine interaction patters and behaviour.

what is a sociogram

tool for recording interrelationships between indivdiuals. it maps connections using labelled circles to represent individuals and arrowed line to indife the communication.

sociograms can display

conflict, power, friend ships or social isolation

power bases within groups

• legitimate

• reward

• coercive

• referent

• expert

legitimate power

comes with a designated position, usually agreed with ot voted on by community members

reward power

the leader is able to give merit/award. this could be used by a teacher or boss

coercive

derived from the ability of a leader to give or take away privledges.

referent power

comes from a persons looks or atteibutes, often encourages followers to strive to look or copy the leader

expert power

comes form knowldge of an individual ina given feild

• self leadership

applies to an individual who have a developed sense of who they are, are sure of their knowledge and capabilities, anf have a clear vision of their goals.

• leadership styles

autocratic, democratic, laissez faire, transformational

autocratic style

directive

determines how things will be done

does not involve members in decision making

democratic

willing to share leadership role

involves group members

considers people and tasks and equally important

laissez faire

non directive

not task oriented

minimal to no input in the group process

avoid making decisions

trasnformational

communicates vision

convincing/compelling

coaches members to take on greater repsonsibility

factors influencing leadership

• type of task

• knowldege and skills within the group

• attitutdes of individuals within the group

• relationship between group members

what is a case study

a primary reserach method that is a written summary of a real life case, based on data collected over a period of time

causes of conflict

• incompatible goals

• individuals differences/personalitiy

• limited resources

• ineffective communication

• varying values

• multiple role expectation

incompatible goals occur when

individuals in the group are beinf provided with a situation where they have differences

individual differences

refer to the differentiation in individual characters which cause for conflict. individuals clash due to their personality triats

limited resources

refer to the lack of resources or supplies a group or individual may have acess to

ineffective communication

refers to unproductive or damaging communication between individuals or groups

varying values

refers to the different principles and standards individuals may have

multiple role expectations refers to

individuals who may have several tasks and functions with conflicting responsibilities

the conflict resolution process

• negotiation: parties discussing the conflict to come to an agreement

• agreement: the settlement of conflict

• resolution: outcome of the implemented agreements

mediators/advocates

primary aim is to represent and work with an individual or grouo who may support and encouragment to make sure rights are upheld.

outcomes of conflict resolution

• win-win

• win-lose

• lose-lose