physics final

Normal force

The force which a surface exerts on an object with which it is in contact, and which is perpendicular to the surface.

Frictional force

The force that opposes the motion of an object and which act parallel to the surface

Static frictional force

The force that opposes the tendency of motion of a stationary object relative to a surface

Kinetic frictional force

The force that opposes the motion of a moving object relative to a surface

Newton’s first law of motion

A body will remain in its states of rest or motion at a constant velocity unless a non-zero result in force acts on it

Newton’s second law of motion

When a net force act on an object, the object will accelerate in the direction of the force and the acceleration is directly proportional to the force and inversely proportional to the mass of the object

Newton’s third law of motion

When object A exerts a force on object B, object B simultaneously exerts an oppositely directed force of equal magnitude on object A

Newton’s law of universal gravitation

Each body in the universe attracts every other body with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the sentence

Weightlessness

The sensation experienced by an object when all contact forces are removed

Momentum

Act of an object’s mass and its velocity

Linear momentum

A vector quantity with the same direction as the velocity of the object

Newton’s second law of motion in terms of momentum

The net force acting on an object is equal to the rate of change of momentum of the object in the direction of the net force

Impulse

The product of the resultant force acting on an object and the time the net force acts on the object

The principle of conservation of linear momentum

The total linear momentum of an isolated system remains constant

Projectile

An object which has been given an initial velocity and then it moves under the influence of the gravitational force only

Free fall

Motion during which the only force acting on an object is the gravitational force

Work-energy theorem

The work done on an object by a net force is equal to the change in the object’s kinetic energy

Conservative force

A force for which the work done in moving an object between two points is independent of the path taken

Non-conservative force

A force for which the work done in moving an object between two points depends on the path taken

Principle of conservation of mechanical energy

The total mechanical energy in an isolated system remains constant

Doppler effect

The change in frequency of the sound detected by a listener because the sound source and the listener have different velocities relative to the medium of sound propagation

Coulomb’s law

The magnitude of the electrostatic force exerted by one point charge on another point charge is directly proportional to the product of the magnitudes of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them

Electric field

A region of space in which an electric charge experiences a force. The direction of the electric field at a point is the direction that a positive test charge would move if placed at that point

Electric field at a point

The electrostatic force experienced per unit positive charge placed at that point

Ohm’s law

The potential difference across a conductor is directly proportional to the currents in the conductor at constant temperature

Power

The rate at which work is done

EMF

The maximum energy provided by a battery per unit charge passing through it