cont.

B Lymphocytes (B Cells)

Differentiate into plasma cells that produce antibodies.

Macrophages

Phagocytic cells that process and present antigens to T cells.

Dendritic Cells

Antigen-presenting cells that alert the immune system.

Reticular Cells

Contribute to the structural framework of lymphatic organs.

What are the secondary lymphatic organs?

Lymph nodes, tonsils, spleen (where immunocompetent cells are activated).

what is innate immunity

General defenses, present at birth, non-specific, includes skin, mucous membranes, leukocytes, and inflammatory response

Cytotoxic T cells

attack infected cells

Helper T cells

coordinate immunity

Regulatory T cells

prevent overreaction

Memory T cells

provide long-term immunity

IgG

Most abundant, crosses placenta, secondary response

IgA

Found in secretions (tears, saliva, breast milk).

IgM

First produced in infection, pentamer structure.

IgE

Involved in allergic reactions and parasite defense.

IgD

Functions in B cell activation.

what is active immunity

Body produces its own antibodies (natural: infection; artificial: vaccine)

gas exchange- co2 and o2 exchanged between blood and air

communication- vocalizations

olfaction- smell

acid-base balance- pH of body fluids influenced by getting rid of co2

blood pressure regulation

blood and lymph flow

blood filtration

expulsion of abdominal contents- valsalva maneuver

functions of the respiratory system

lipid absorption- lacteals absorb lipids that are left over from capillaries

immunity- excess fluid picks up foreign cells

fluid recovery- fluid filters into tissues from capillaries

functions of the lymphatic system

interstitial fluid formed

becomes lymph when picked up by blood capillaries

travels through lymphatic vessels, stopping at lymph nodes which filter out foreign cells

lymph returned to bloodstream

Explain how lymph forms and returns to the bloodstream.

lymphocytes

• b cells - make antibodies for specific pathogens

• t cells- directly attack foreign cells

macrophages- attack and engulf foreign cells

dendritic cells- capture antibodies and deliver them

reticular cells- form the framework or stroma for cells

Name the major cells of the lymphatic system and state their functions.