Master FoRT Study

Phonemes

are the smallest units of sound in speech that can distinguish one word from another. They are the most complex phase of phonological awareness.

Phonological Awareness

is the awareness that oral language is composed of smaller units of sound.

How many components are there of phonological awareness?

5

What is the acronym for the 5 components of phonological awareness?

Would Raymond Sit On People

Use the acronym WRSOP to list the 5 components of phonological awareness from least complex to most complex

1. Word Awareness

2. Rhyme & Alliteration

3. Syllabication

4. Onset & Rime

5. Phonemic Awareness

Alliteration

Sorting words by their initial sound

Using alliteration determine if these two words share an initial phoneme: Fun & Phone

YES

Word Awareness

Typically looks like counting the number of words in a sentence

What acronym can be used to remember the 6 phonemic awareness skills?

Isaac Bought Super Awesome Dresses Sunday (IBSADS)

Use the acronym “IBSADS” to name the 5 phonemic awareness skills from least complex to most

1. Isolation

2. Blending

3. Segmentation

4. Addition

5. Deletion

6. Substitution

Concepts of Print

understanding how books work using directionality and book handing skills

Alphabetic Principle

the concept that states that phonemes are represented by graphemes. Closely tied to phonics.

Phonics

A method of teaching reading by using the Alphabetic principle (the relationship between phonemes and graphemes)

Explicit Phonics Instruction

Directs and systematic way to introduce letters and their corresponding sounds often called “synthetic Phonics”

Implicit Phonics Instruction

relies on student discovery and is not recommended often called “analytical phonics” when done using the whole word approach

Cueing Systems

these are used by readers to make sense of and understand text

What are the Three Cueing Systems

1. Semantic

2. Syntactic

3. Graphic/Visual

Semantic Cueing

The cueing system that allows readers to use meaning to make sense of the text.

Syntactic Cueing

The cueing system that allows readers to use structural clues from the text to decide if it looks right

Graphic/Visual Cueing

The cueing system that is done through sight which directly ties it to phonics

What Acronym can be used for the 5 stages of spelling development

Please Send Pizza To Class

Use the Acronym PSPTC to list the 5 stages of spelling development in order

1. pre-communicative

2. Semi-Phonetic

3. Phonetic

4. Transitional

5. Correct

Consonant Blends

Two consonants together but you can hear each sound. Ex) bl, st, tr

Consonant Digraphs

Two consonants together that make one sound. Ex) sh, ch, th, wh

R-Controlled Vowels

vowels with an R behind them that change the way the vowel sounds. Ex) ar=farm or=horn ir=bird

Example of hard C

Cat

Example of soft C

Circle

Example of Hard G

Goat

Example of soft G

Gem

Y as a vowel can sound like…?

Cry, My, Sky Vs. Baby, Funny, Happy

Vowel Teams

Two vowels that make one sound. Ex) Rain, Eat, Boat

Decoding

Converting written text to spoken words

Encoding

Converting spoken words to written text

High Frequency words

most commonly used words in children’s text

Sight Words

Students learn to recognize the word as a whole without having to sound out each letter

Morpheme

The smallest chunk of language. They are chunks of words that carry meaning.

Free Morpheme

can stand as its own word

Bound morpheme

must be attached to another morpheme

Derivational morpheme

changes the word function. Ex) Kind vs Kindly

Inflectional Morpheme

changes the tense or amount. Ex) Cat vs Cats

Morphemic analysis

breaking new words into segments to check for understanding of any part of the new word

Structural analysis

pretty much the same thing as morphemic analysis

Chunking

breaking words into manageable parts

syllabication

breaking words into different parts called syllables to help with decoding

Word analysis

using word structure to attach meaning to an unfamiliar word. This helps with deciphering new word meanings

Homograph

words that are spelled the same but have different meanings

Homophone

words that sound the same but have different spellings or meanings

Homonym

words that are spelled the same AND sound the same but have different meanings

Closed syllable

a syllable with a short vowel sound followed by consonants. Ex) dap-ple or has-tle

Magic E

Long vowel + consonant + silent E. Ex) De-spite or com-pete

Open syllable

ends with long vowel sound. Ex) Pro-gram or Ta-ble

Vowel Teams

Two or more letters make 1 vowel sound. Ex) Train-er or con-geal

Consonant -LE

a word ending in L +silent E. Ex) Tab-le or Purp-le

Inflectional Suffix

does not change the fundamental meaning of the word, just how it is used. Ex) -ing, -ed, -s

Derivational Suffix

completely changes the meaning of the root word. Ex) Work vs Worker

Orthographic Mapping

The process that builds sight word vocabularies

Compound Words

They are made up of two or more smaller words to make a new word with it’s own meaning

Closed Compound Words

Two words with no space in between

Open Compound Words

Two words with a space between the smaller words that make them up

Hyphenated Compound words

Formed by a hyphen

Idioms

is an expression that has figurative meaning