310105b Newtons Laws and Momentum Motion 2017 TF

Newton's First Law of Motion

An object at rest will remain at rest unless acted on by an unbalanced force.

Inertia

A property of matter that describes a body's tendency to stay at rest or in motion unless acted upon by an external force.

Newton's Second Law of Motion

An unbalanced force acting on a body causes it to accelerate in the direction of the force, and acceleration is directly proportional to the unbalanced force and inversely proportional to the mass of the body.

F = ma

The formula representing Newton's Second Law of Motion, where F is force, m is mass, and a is acceleration.

Newton's Third Law of Motion

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Momentum (ρ)

The product of an object's mass and its velocity, calculated as ρ = mv.

Gravitational Force (Fg)

The force of gravity acting on an object, calculated as Fg = mg, where g = 9.81 m/s².

Kinetic Friction (Fk)

The force that opposes the motion of two surfaces sliding past each other.

Static Friction (Fs)

The force that opposes the initiation of motion between two surfaces.

Elastic Collision

A collision in which all kinetic energy is conserved before and after the collision.

Inelastic Collision

A collision where some momentum energy is converted to other forms of energy.

Conservation of Momentum

The principle stating that the total momentum of a system remains constant if no external forces are applied.

Final Velocity (vf)

The velocity of an object at the end of a time interval or just before an event like impact.

Displacement (d)

The distance an object has moved from its initial position.

Mass (m)

The amount of matter in an object, typically measured in kilograms.