Карточки TSCP 2 | Quizlet

Which of the following researchers must follow TCPS 2? (select all that apply)

a) a graduate student at an eligible Canadian college conducting self-funded research on political protest groups by interviewing members of these groups

b) a professor at an eligible Canadian university who is conducting research in Brazil on educational initiatives involving Indigenous Peoples

c) an independent researcher hired by a private company to conduct research on consumer brand loyalties

d) a researcher at an eligible academic institution conducts research within that institution that is funded by their department, not the Agencies

e) a master's student at an eligible institution conducts their research with street youth, not on the premises of the institution

f) a graduate student at an eligible Canadian university who has a grant from NSERC to conduct research on the link between climate change and the bee population

a, b, d, e

What happens if a researcher with a SSHRC grant breaches the TCPS 2 when conducting their research? (select all that apply)

a) the TCPS 2 is a voluntary set of guidelines, so there are no consequences for a breach

b) the researcher's institution may take action under the institution's policies

c) SSHRC may take recourse that can range from a letter of awareness to a denial of eligibility for funding, depending on the seriousness of the breach

b, c

What is the fundamental value upon which the TCPS 2 is based?

a) do not harm

b) all persons are created equal

c) respect for human dignity

d) autonomy

c

How should a researcher resolve a potential conflict between ethics considerations and legal obligations? (select all that apply)

a) consult with colleagues, disciplinary associations, or lawyers, to determine how best to resolve the conflict

b) fulfill the ethical obligations - they have more moral weight

c) follow the law - it always takes precedence over ethics

d) anticipate potential conflicts and design research to avoid them, where possible

a, d

the TCPS 2 defines research as "an undertaking intended to extend knowledge through a disciplined inquiry and/or systematic investigation". Which of the following activities fall within this definition? (select all that apply)

a) Professor A meets with colleagues in their department to discuss a research question of interest to them, with a view to refining the question

b) Professor A meets with representatives of a community to discuss conducting research within that community on the topic they discussed with their colleagues

c) Professor A designs a pilot study to address that research question, and gets a small group of individuals to take part in the study

d) Professor A revises the study based on their experience with the pilot study participants, and administers the full study to a group of 100 participants

c, d

Which of the following person is considered a research participant? (select all that apply)

a) A patient whose tissue was removed to determine whether they had a condition requiring treatment

b) A patient with a particular condition whose tissue was removed to help scientists better understand that condition and how to treat it

c) An employee of a college who must fill out a job satisfaction survey anonymously for the Human Resources department

d) That same college employee responding to a survey from a labour relations professor aimed at measuring job satisfaction in unionized vs non-unionized academic staff

b, d

Complete the following sentence: "Under TCPS 2, research that relies exclusively on information that is publicly accessible and for which there is no reasonable expectation of privacy _________."

a) Requires REB review

b) Is exempt from REB review

c) May require REB review, depending on the circumstances

b

Under TCPS 2, it is the role of the REB to review:

a) The ethics of mandated quality assurance activities

b) The ethics of animal and human research

c) The ethics of research involving humans

c

REBs may consider the following as potential benefits of research. (select all that apply)

a) Direct benefits to the participants

b) Benefits to the researcher in terms of career advancement

c) Benefits to the group or community to which the participant belongs

d) Benefits to society in the form of increased knowledge

a, c, d

Choose the correct description of research-attributable risks, according to TCPS 2:

a) All the risks a participant is exposed to during the period of the research

b) All the risks a participant is ordinarily exposed to, plus any risks specific to the research

c) All the risks associated with the research

c

Which types of possible harms may be considered research risks? (select all that apply)

a) Economic harm

b) Social harm

c) Psychological harm

d) Physical harm

all of the above

What is the purpose of distinguishing between minimal risk research and research that is more than minimal risk?

a) Minimal risk research does not require REB review

b) The distinction helps the REB to determine the appropriate level of ethics review

c) The distinction serves only to categorize the types of research proposal the REB receives

b

What are the general principles of consent?

a) Informed, ongoing, documented

b) Voluntary, informed, ongoing

c) Voluntary, informed, free

d) Voluntary, informed, documented

b

In general, when should researchers seek consent from individuals to participate in research?

a) At any time during the course of the research

b) After the participant has completed the research activity

c) Prior to commencing participation in the research

d) Whenever the researcher chooses

c

Which of the following best describes how consent should be documented?

a) Only through a signed consent form

b) Only through a video recording of consent

c) Only through researcher's notes of a verbal consent

d) Through any form that can serve as evidence of consent and that complies with applicable legal requirements

d

Under which of the following circumstances may a researcher depart from the general principles of consent? (select all that apply)

a) When obtaining consent would delay the conduct of the research

b) When a prospective participant lacks decision-making capacity

c) Under no circumstances

d) In medical emergencies

e) For certain types of public health research

b, d, e

Which of the following statements is/are true? (select all that apply)

a) Secondary use research involves using data that was originally collected for another purpose

b) Research involving secondary use of identifiable information requires REB review, but not consent

c) REBs may waive the consent requirement for research involving secondary use of identifiable information, at their discretion

d) REBs may waive the consent requirement for research involving secondary use of identifiable information if the researcher satisfies six conditions

e) Where research involves the secondary use of non-identifiable information, neither consent nor REB review is required

a, d

Compete the following sentence in accordance with the guidance in TCPS 2: "Excluding women from research is _________"

a) Never ethically acceptable

b) Ethically acceptable because this protects women from the risks of research

c) Ethically unacceptable, unless the exclusion is related to the nature and scope of the research question

d) Ethically necessary when a woman is pregnant or breastfeeding

c

Which of the following statements reflect TCPS 2 guidance? (select all that apply)

a) Publication in an academic journal is the only acceptable form of research dissemination

b) It is important to communicate research results to participants, in a format suitable to them

c) Researchers have a responsibility to disseminate the results of their research, even if those results do not confirm (or run counter to) their original hypothesis

d) It is ethically acceptable for sponsors to prohibit the dissemination of results at their discretion, since they paid for the research

b, c

Under TCPS 2, can individuals who are in vulnerable circumstances participate in research?

a) Yes, so long as their participation is necessary to the research and additional protective measures are in place

b) No, it is wrong to include vulnerable individuals in research

c) Yes, all that matters is that they have the capacity to consent

d) No, those in vulnerable circumstances cannot participate in research even if the research focus is on people in their circumstances

a

The principle of Justice requires an equitable distribution of the benefits and burdens of research because: (select all that apply)

a) This helps to maintain public trust in research

b) This contributes to the legitimacy of research results by ensuring that research findings are drawn from the full range of those whom the research applies

c) This avoids disadvantaged or marginalized groups from bearing a disproportionate share of research risks

all of the above

Which of the following statements is correct? (select all that apply)

a) Researchers have an ethical duty to maintain the confidentiality of information they collect during the course of research

b) A researcher's duty of confidentiality extends to human biological materials collected during the course of research

c) Researchers may have legal obligations to maintain the privacy of research participants

all of the above

Secondary use research is:

a) Research that generates at least two publications

b) Original research that is copied by a second researcher

c) Research that relies on information originally collected for a purpose other than the current research purpose

c

Who had responsibility for safeguarding the privacy of research participants? (select the most appropriate answer)

a) Researchers alone

b) Researchers and REBs

c) Researchers, REBs, and institutions

d) Researchers, REBs, institutions, and funders

c

The level of privacy protection required is based on the identifiability of the information. Which of the following is not a category of identifiability set out in the TCPS 2?

a) Indirectly identifying information

b) Anonymized information

c) Coded information

d) Secret information

e) Anonymous information

d

In research, conflict of interest is an issue that can affect: (select the most appropriate answer)

a) Researchers

b) Researchers and REB members

c) Researchers, REB members, and institutions

d) Researchers and institutions

e) REB members and institutions

c

Which of the following statements is/are true? (select all that apply)

a) Conflicts of interest may be real, potential, or perceived

b) Only real conflicts of interest need to be managed

c) A research study cannot proceed if a researcher has disclosed a conflict of interest

d) A conflict of interest in research is an incompatibility between all of one's duties, responsibilities, or interests, as they relate to the ethical conduct or research

e) Researchers may choose whether or not to disclose conflicts of interest

a, d

Which of the following would be a conflict of interest for REB members? (select all that apply)

a) REB members supervise the researcher submitting the protocol for REB review

b) REB members sit on the board of the company that is sponsoring the research

c) REB members are collaborating with the research applicant on another research project

d) The research applicant is their sister-in-law

e) The research applicant is their supervisor

f) REB members own shares in the company that is sponsoring the research

all of the above

Which of the following is/are an acceptable way for a researcher to manage a conflict of interest? (select all that apply)

a) Disclose the conflict to a colleague at another institution

b) Develop a plan to minimize the effect of the conflict

c) Decide to remain impartial

d) Disclose to the REB and to participants

e) Keep silent, but be prepared to step off the research team if the conflict is discovered

b, d

Addressing conflicts of interest in research involving humans is important because (select all that apply)

a) It helps to protect the integrity of research

b) It is part of the process of ensuring that prospective research participants make informed decisions

c) It makes researchers feel virtuous

d) All conflicts of interest can and must be eliminated

a, b

Which of the following activities is not a primary responsibility of an REB?

a) To review the ethical acceptability of the methods of a research proposal

b) To review the ethical acceptability of the design of a research proposal

c) To review substantive changes made to the research during the course of the study

d) To provide advice about alternative methods to answer the research question

e) To communicate their decisions in a timely and efficient manner

d

Which one of the following statements best describes the status of an REB?

a) A committee accountable in all respects to the institution that created it

b) A committee accountable to the institution that created it with respect to its operations, but independent with respect to its decisions in research proposals

c) A committee independent in all respects from the institution that created it

b

What is the primary role of the community member on an REB?

a) To bring diversity to the REB

b) To provide an independent perspective on the proposed research

c) To represent the research participant perspective

d) To ensure that not all REB members are academic

c

Which of the following statements describe(s) a proportionate approach to assessing the ethical acceptability of research? (select all that apply)

a) Applying delegated review to minimal risk research and full board review to more than minimal risk research

b) Considering the foreseeable risks, the potential benefits and the ethics implications of the research

c) Having only the vice-president of research review minimal risk research

d) Conducting an initial assessment of the level of risk to determine what level of scrutiny the review requires

a, b, d

Which of the following statements is/are correct? (select all that apply)

a) Due to the extraordinary circumstances, research cannot take place during a publicly declared emergency

b) Institutions and REBs should develop preparedness plans for how to review research during public declared emergencies

c) No exceptions to TCPS 2 procedures can occur during a publicly declared emergency, regardless of the justification provided

d) Any exceptional procedures put in place during a publicly declared emergency remain in force only as long as the emergency continues

b, d

How is the concept of community definite in Chapter 9 of the TCPS 2? (select all that apply)

a) A community defined by territory

b) TCPS 2 adopts the definition of community in the Constitutions of Canada

c) A community may be territorial, organizational, or interest-based

d) A community describes a group of people with a shared identity or interest that has the capacity to act or express itself as a collective

e) It is up to the parties to a research project to define the term "community"

c, d

Which of the following statement(s) describe community engagement? (select all that apply)

a) Community engagement is required where the research is likely to affect the welfare of an Indigenous community to which the prospective participants belong

b) Community engagement is a process that establishes a respectful relationship between a researcher or research team, and an Indigenous community relevant to the research project

c) Community engagement is not required if the research does not take place on First Nations, Inuit, or Métis lands

d) It is up to the researcher to determine the nature and extent of community engagement appropriate to the research

e) Community engagement is required where Indigenous Peoples make up a sizeable proportion of the study or community and where Indigenous-specific conclusions are intended

a, b, e

What are the possible benefits of research for a community? (select all that apply)

a) Knowledge gained from the research

b) Helping the researcher get a publication in an academic journal

c) Skills training opportunities for community members

d) Addressing a community priority related to research

e) Knowledge transfer to researchers

a, c, d

Which of the following statement(s) about research agreements is/are correct? (select all that apply)

a) Research agreements are required for any research involving First Nations, Inuit, Métis participants

b) Researchers should draft research agreements so communities can just sign on

c) Community customs and codes of practice should be integrated into research agreements

d) Research agreements should set out how disputes between the parties will be resolved

e) Only researchers have responsibilities under research agreements

c, d

Which of the following statement(s) is true? (select all that apply)

a) The guidance in Chapter 9 may also apply to non-Indigenous communities

b) For some research projects including critical inquiry of a public institution, engagement with formal leadership may not be required

c) It is not ethically acceptable to conduct research involving critical inquiry of Indigenous institutions, policies or social phenomena

d) In the context of research involving Indigenous communities, individual consent is less important than community approval of research

a, b