6.3 Prejudice

Stereotype

A generalized belief about a particular category of people, often oversimplified and not based on direct experience

Prejudice

an unjustifiable and usually negative attitude toward a group and its members

Discrimination

unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group or its members

Ethnocentrism

The belief in the inherent superiority of one's own ethnic group or culture, often accompanied by a feeling of contempt for other groups

Collectivism

A cultural value that emphasizes the importance of the group or community over individual goals and desires, prioritizing group cohesion and interdependence

Multiculturalism

The view that promotes the acknowledgment and respect of diverse cultural backgrounds and traditions, encouraging the coexistence and value of various cultural identities within a society

Confirmation Bias

A tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms one's preexisting beliefs or hypotheses

Belief Perseverance

The tendency to hold on to one's initial beliefs even after they have been shown to be false, often ignoring contradictory evidence presented

Self-fulfilling prophecy

When a belief about a situation or a person leads to actions that make the belief come true

Implicit Attitudes

Unconscious beliefs or feelings that influence a person's behavior and perceptions without their awareness

Just-World Phenomenon

A belief that the world is fundamentally fair, leading people to rationalize injustice or misfortune as deserved

Scapegoating

The process of directing one’s anger or frustration onto another person or group, blaming them for their problems

Out-Group Homogeneity Bias

The tendency to see members of an outgroup as more similar to each other than they really are, often perceiving them as less varied than members of one's own group

In-Group Bias

The tendency to favor and extend loyalty to members of one's own group over those in other groups, often leading to preferential treatment and judgment

Stereotype threat

When people are concerned about being judged based on a negative stereotype about their group, which can affect their performance

Stereotype lift

When people perform better than expected because they're not part of a negative stereotype about their group

Microaggressions

subtle verbal or nonverbal insults communication towards a marginalized person, often with well-intentioned but unaware of the impact of their choices

Microassaults

Conscious and intentional actions or slurs, such as using racial epithets, displaying swastikas or deliberately serving a white person before a person of color in a restaurant

Microinsults

Verbal and nonverbal communications that subtly convey rudeness and insensitivity and demean a person's racial heritage or identity

Microinvalidations

Communications that subtly exclude, negate or nullify the thoughts, feelings or experiential reality of a person of color