PSYC 3040 Q3

Real Movement

An object is really moving

Apparent Movement

A stationary object is appearing in different positions, creating illusion of movement

Induced Movement

The movement of one object gives illusion that another object is moving

Movement after effect

When you look at something moving for a while, afterwards things will still appear to be moving

Freeze response

Because moving objects tend to capture attention more, animals developed a freeze response to not get caught

Kinetic Depth Effect

Movement of a 2D object’s shadow can change into perception of a 3D object

Reinhardt Detector

Used to detect motion

Two receptors , one is delayed, when they both reach at same time there is motion

Corollary Discharge signal

A copy of the eye movement is sent to visual cortex so it can tell when things are actually moving

Motor Signal

Signal sent to eyes to move eye muscles

Image Displacement Signal

Something is moving across the retina

What combination of Corollary Discharge and Image Displacement signal indicates motion?

Either only Corollary Discharge OR only Image Displacement, but not both

Evidence for corollary discharge theory

If we stare at stationary dot, and then move our eyes when we see afterimage, we perceive motion

What area of the visual pathway is responsive for motion detection)

Medial Temporal (MT) Cortex (also called V5)

Biological Motion

Placing lights on specific points of a person make it very easy to tell what is happening

Where is biological motion processed in the brain?

superior temporal sulcus (STS)

______ ________ is Inability to perceive a change in scene

Change Blindness

Examples of Change Blindness

Artificial Displays, Realistic Images, Mud splash, Continuity errors, change blindness

Inattentional Blindness

Failure to perceive unexpected objects.

Inattentional blindness vs Inattentional amnesia

Inattentional Blindness: failure to perceive stimulus
Inattentional amnesia: perceived stimulus but forgot

_______ moiton masks ______ motion in magic

Big; small

Where does action happen when pickpocketing/magic

It happens where the performer is not looking

We don’t mutlitask, we ______ between tasks

switch

If tasks are demanding what can be seen?

Performance dips

Which attention is called top-down attention

Endogenous attention

Which attention is called bottom-up attention?

Exogenous attention

paying attention to things that are different is called _____ attention

Exogenous

Visual salience

areas of stimuli that attract attention due to their properties

Feature search comes under which attention?

Exogenous

Which attention is known as “slow and serial”

Endogenous

which attention is “fully parallel”?

Exogenous

Conjunction and spatial search is associated with which attention?

Endogenous

Rank each search, from 1-3 with 1 being fast and 3 being slow, with the time taken to identify the object: Spatial Search; Feature Search; Conjunction Search

1. Feature Search

2. Conjunction Search

3. Spatial Search

Overt vs Covert attention

Overt: Involves looking directly at the object

Covert: attention without looking

Unattended objects are processed _______

slowly

Who’s study serves as evidence for mis-binding

Triesman & schmidt study

What happens in “preattentive stage” in the context of Feature Integration Theory

pre-attentive stage: feature of object are separated

What happens in the “Focused attention stage” in the context of Feature Integration Theory

features are bound into a coherent perception

In Dichotic listening task, people seem not to be processing the ______ stream?

ignored

What are some exceptions in the Dichotic listening task?

Hearing one’s own name, cuss words, intrusions

Shadowed and unshadowed

paying attention to things that are relevant is called _____ attention

endogenous

Unattended objects receive ________ processing

shallower

What are the 3 disorders of neglect

Hemispatial neglect, Extinction, Balint syndrome

Define Neglect

The inability to attend to or respond to stimuli in the contralesional visual field

Which side is usually neglected for people with visual neglect?

Left side

How can neglect be diagnosed?

Line cancellation task, Line bisection task, Copying pictures, objects, Drawing objects

What causes neglect?

Lesion in the right parietal lobe

Why is neglect usually on the left?

Due to the asymmetric attention in the brain.

PS: Left lobe controls attention to the right whereas right lobe controls attention to both sides.

The inability to perceive a stimulus in the presence of another is called

extinction

What causes neglect?

Lesion to right parietal lobe

Symptoms of Balin’t syndome

1. hard to reach out and touch/grab object (spatial localization ability)

2. very little eye movement, tend to stare straight

3. Behaves as if can only see one object at a time.

What causes balin’t syndrome?

Lesion to both sides of the brain.