Articulatory System

Skull

serves as attachment for many muscles of articulation. Composed of two groups: Facial Bones and Cranial Bones

Nasal - nose, bony bridge of nose

Zygomatic - lateral “cheek” bone

Maxilla - Upper Jaw. Contributes to anterior hard palate

Mandible - lower jaw

#10

Vomer - Contributes to medial wall of nasal cavity bottom 1/2

#9

Inferior nasal concha - contributes to lateral wall of nasal cavity - bottom

Lacrimal - tear, contributes to medial wall of orbit cavity (eye socket)

Palatine - roof of the mouth, contributes to posterior portion of hard palate

Frontal - forehead

Parietal - wall

Occipital

Temporal

Ethmoid - contributes to medial wall of nasal cavity - upper 1/2. Includes passageways for olfactory nerve

Sphenoid (wedge) - when isolated resembles a flying bat

4 landmarks - lateral pterygoid, medial pterygoid, hamulus, and pterygomandibular ligament

Lateral pterygoid - paired vertical bony projections

Medial pterygoid

Hamulus

Pterygomandibular ligament

Inferior Constrictor - attachments: thyroid cartilage, pharyngeal raphe (seam). Walls of laryngopharynx. *Opens esophagus, narrows vocal tract, and alters resonance of tract

Middle Constrictor - hyoid bone, pharyngeal raphe. Walls of oropharynx. *Narrows vocal tract and alters resonance of tract

Superior Constrictor - medial pterygoid, hamulus, pterygomandibular ligament, and pharyngeal raphe. Wall of nasopharynx. Functions: narrow vocal tract, alter resonance of tract, and contribute to velopharyngeal mechanism

Stylopharyngeus - Raise larynx, widen vocal tract, alter resonance, and important for swallowing

Sections of Pharyngeal cavity

1. Laryngopharynx

2. Oropharynx

3. Nasopharynx

VP Closer

Uvular muscle - stiffen/lift, elevator

Vp Closer

Levator palatini - stiffen/lift, constrictor

Vp closer

Superior constrictor - stiffen/lift

Palatopharyngeus (D) - lower velum and open velopharyngeal port for nasal sounds

Palatoglossus (E) - back of tongue, lower velum and open port also a tongue muscle