________ in the bond increases with increasing difference in electronegativity between the bonded atoms.
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Lewis
________ model: electrons in covalent bond functions in 2 ways simultaneously → shared between 2 atoms and fills the outer valence of each.
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Covalent bonds
________ are formed between atoms that share one or more pairs of electrons to give a noble gas configuration to each atom.
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Electronegativity
________: a measure of an atoms attraction for electrons that it shares in a chemical bond with another atom.
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EN
________ varies somewhat depending on the chemical environment and oxidation state of an atom.
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direction of bond polarity
The ________ is shown with an arrow, the arrowhead pointing toward the neg end and a plus sign by the pos end.
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Ions
________ form if the difference in EN is 1.9 or greater.
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dipole moment
Bond ________: a vector quantity that measures the polarity of a covalent bond.
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Isomers
________: same molecular formula, diff arrangement of atoms.
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Electron affinity
________: energy released upon addition of an electron.
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Atoms
________ acquire complete valence shells in 2 ways: ionic bonds and covalent bonds.
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ionic salts
The attraction between ions allows ________ to form a strong crystal lattice and high melting point.
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Ions
________ are formed by the transfer of electrons from the valence shell of an atom of electronegativity to the valence shell of an atom of higher electronegativity.
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covalent bonds
Nonbonding electrons: valence electrons not involved in forming ________.
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Atoms acquire complete valence shells in 2 ways
ionic bonds and covalent bonds
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Electronegativity
a measure of an atoms attraction for electrons that it shares in a chemical bond with another atom
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Electron affinity
energy released upon addition of an electron
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Lewis model
electrons in covalent bond functions in 2 ways simultaneously → shared between 2 atoms and fills the outer valence of each
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Bond length
the distance between nuclei participating in a covalent bond
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Polar covalent bonds
share electrons unequally
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Bond dipole moment
a vector quantity that measures the polarity of a covalent bond
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Isomers
same molecular formula, diff arrangement of atoms
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Bonding electrons
valence electrons involved in forming a covalent bond
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Nonbonding electrons
valence electrons not involved in forming covalent bonds
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Formal charge
the charge on an atom in a polyatomic ion or molecule
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Formal charge = of valence electrons in the neutral nonbonded atom
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Flashcard (34)