The human body in health and illness

Matter

occupies space and has weight

three states of matter

solid liquid gas

four elements that make up 96% of the body

nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, carbon

smallest unit of an element with that elements chemical characteristics

Atom

three subatomic particles

Protons: positive charged
Neutrons: neutral charged
Electrons: negative charged

What is atomic number

number of protons

what is atomic mass

sum of the numbers of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

what is an Isotope

A different form of the same atom; same atomic number, different atomic mass

What is a chemical bond

the electrical attraction between atoms

three types of chemical bonds

Isotonic, covalent, hydrogen

What are Ions

atoms or group of atoms tat carry an electrical charge

What are the two types of Ions

Cation: Positively charged, intracellular
Anion: Negatively charged, extracellular

what are electrolytes

When ions dissolve into water

What are the parts in cations

Sodium, potassium, hydrogen, iron, ammonium, Calcium

What are the parts in anions

Bicarbonate, phosphate, chloride

Oxygen is important for

essential for life

water is used for

• universal solevant

• lubricant

• Temperature regulator

• chemical reactions

• protective mechanism

what is carbon dioxide

a waste product

What is a chemical reaction

to form new chemical combinations

What is a catalyst

speed up the rate of a chemical reaction

what is an enzyme

protein that serves as a catalyst

What are the three parts of ATP?

Base, sugar, three phosphate groups

What are mixtures

combination of two or more substances that can be separated by ordinary physical means

what are the two types of solutions

Aqueous solution: solvent is water
tinctures: solvent is alcohol

what is a suspension

mixtures with relatively large particles

what is a colloidal suspension?

particles remain suspended within the liquid

what are precipitates?

solids are formed and fall out of solution during a chemical reaction