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These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to gene regulation, bacterial processes, and mechanisms studied in Lecture 9.
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Gene duplication
A process that generates new genes and biochemical processes, deemed crucial for evolution.
Bacterial transduction
The process by which bacteriophages transfer genetic material between bacteria.
Generalized transduction
A form of transduction where any bacterial gene can be transferred by a phage.
Specialized transduction
A type of transduction where specific bacterial genes are transferred by a lysogenic phage.
Generalized recombination
A genetic process that allows for genetic exchange between homologous DNA sequences.
DNA restriction and modification
A system by which bacteria protect their DNA from foreign DNA by enzymatic cleavage and modification of their own DNA.
Quorum sensing
A process where bacteria coordinate behavior based on population density.
Autoinducer
A small secreted molecule that bacteria use in quorum sensing to communicate with each other.
Transcriptional control
Regulation of gene expression at the level of transcription, involving repressors and activators.
Riboswitches
Regulatory sequences in mRNA that fold into structures capable of binding specific metabolites to control gene expression.
CheY-P
A phosphorylated response regulator that influences flagellar motor rotation in chemotaxis.
Attenuation
A regulatory mechanism in bacterial operons where the presence of a leader peptide affects transcription downstream.
Aporepressor
An inactive repressor protein that requires a corepressor to become active and repress transcription.
Sigma factors
Proteins that bind to RNA polymerase and facilitate the initiation of transcription at specific promoters.
Diauxic growth
The growth pattern observed when a cell uses two carbon sources that leads to a biphasic growth curve.
Cyclic di-GMP
A second messenger involved in cellular signaling processes in bacteria, influencing various cellular functions.
Methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs)
Proteins that help bacteria sense changes in chemical gradients and affect motility.