Lecture 9: Gene Regulation and Bacterial Processes

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These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to gene regulation, bacterial processes, and mechanisms studied in Lecture 9.

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17 Terms

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Gene duplication

A process that generates new genes and biochemical processes, deemed crucial for evolution.

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Bacterial transduction

The process by which bacteriophages transfer genetic material between bacteria.

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Generalized transduction

A form of transduction where any bacterial gene can be transferred by a phage.

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Specialized transduction

A type of transduction where specific bacterial genes are transferred by a lysogenic phage.

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Generalized recombination

A genetic process that allows for genetic exchange between homologous DNA sequences.

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DNA restriction and modification

A system by which bacteria protect their DNA from foreign DNA by enzymatic cleavage and modification of their own DNA.

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Quorum sensing

A process where bacteria coordinate behavior based on population density.

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Autoinducer

A small secreted molecule that bacteria use in quorum sensing to communicate with each other.

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Transcriptional control

Regulation of gene expression at the level of transcription, involving repressors and activators.

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Riboswitches

Regulatory sequences in mRNA that fold into structures capable of binding specific metabolites to control gene expression.

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CheY-P

A phosphorylated response regulator that influences flagellar motor rotation in chemotaxis.

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Attenuation

A regulatory mechanism in bacterial operons where the presence of a leader peptide affects transcription downstream.

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Aporepressor

An inactive repressor protein that requires a corepressor to become active and repress transcription.

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Sigma factors

Proteins that bind to RNA polymerase and facilitate the initiation of transcription at specific promoters.

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Diauxic growth

The growth pattern observed when a cell uses two carbon sources that leads to a biphasic growth curve.

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Cyclic di-GMP

A second messenger involved in cellular signaling processes in bacteria, influencing various cellular functions.

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Methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs)

Proteins that help bacteria sense changes in chemical gradients and affect motility.