ENUMERATION

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10 Terms

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  1. Assessment of level of consciousness

  2. Assessment of pupillary size, equality and reactivity to light

  3. Assessment of the cranial nerves III (occulomotor), IV (trochlear), and IV (abducens)

  4. Assessment of motor symmetry and strength

  5. Assessment of the vital signs

  6. A CT Scan of the head

BRAIN DAMAGE ASSESSMENT (Neurological assessment of a patient with suspected or actual head trauma:)

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  1. hemotympanum (leakage of blood from the ears)

  2. panda or raccoon eyes (circular bruising around the eyes)

  3. leakage of the cerebrospinal fluid from the ear/nose

  4. battle’s sign (bruising behind the ears)

SIGNS OF A SUSPECTED SKULL FRACTURE:

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  1. Pain

  2. Paresthesia

  3. Pallor

  4. Paralysis

  5. Pulselessness

5 P’s of Compartment Syndrome

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  • an altered LOC

  • nausea and / or vomiting

  • visual disturbances

  • weakness

  • difficulties with their speech

Patients with contusion typically present with:

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  • myoglobinuria [myoglobin is a muscle breakdown product]

  • acidosis – release of lactic acid

  • renal failure – free myoglobin are too big to cross the glomerulus, resulting to plugging of holes

  • cardiac disruption – release of potassium systemically

symptoms of systemic crush syndrome:

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  • partial or complete paralysis

  • loss of motor ability

  • loss of conscious function of body processes

  • life-threatening CNS dysfunction (problems with A,B,C)

Damage to the spinal cord, depending on the location of the injury, may result in:

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  • road traffic accidents

  • falls from height

  • assaults

  • sports and recreation accidents

  • general accidents at work or in the home

Mechanisms of spinal injury:

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  • a sudden severe headache

  • hypertension

  • bradycardia

  • anxiety

  • nausea or vomiting

  • a combination of profuse sweating above and coolness below the level of the injury

Patients with autonomic dysreflexia will present with:

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  1. Buccal Nerve

  2. Mandibular Nerve Branch

  3. Temporal Nerve Branch

  4. Zygomatic Nerve

Facial nerve and its branches:

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  • Oxygen supplementation

  • Bronchodilators

  • Corticosteroids

  • Antibiotics

  • Sometimes ventilatory assistance with noninvasive ventilation or intubation and ventilation

COPD Management: