Urinary System: Physio

Kidneys Function

Filter blood & produce urine

The LEFT kidney =

HIGHER than the Right Kidney

Ureters Function

Carries / propels urine to bladder

Bladder Function

Stores urine & can stretch due to transitional epithelium

Urethra Function

Expels urine from body

Kidneys image

Ureters image

Bladder image

Urethra image

Some blood components in kidney are (3)

1. Kept in blood

2. Removed from blood

3. Balanced between blood & urine.

Renal VEIN includes (7)

• RBC

• WBC

• Protein

• Salt

• Water

• Glucose

• Amino Acid

Renal ARTERY includes (8)

• Urea

• RBC

• WBC

• Protein

• Salt

• Water

• Glucose

• Amino Acid

Filtration in Kidney

Large proteins & cells stay in blood, but small molecules, including water, pass through

Reabsorption in Kidney (2)

• Necessary molecules are taken into bloodstream

• FILTRATE to BLOOD

Secretion in Kidney (2)

• Body actively removes waste from blood

• BLOOD to FILTRATE

Filtration will become urine once it enters the ____

enters the ureters

Filtration Substances in Kidney (3)

• RBC

• WBC

• Proteins

Reabsorption Substances in Kidney (4)

• Glucose

• Amino Acids

• Salt

• Water

Secretion Substance in Kidney

substance in kidney = Urea

Renal Vein & Artery Kidney Image

Nephron Image

(Urinary Tissues) Transitional Found in (3)

• Bladder

• Ureters

• Urethra

(Urinary Tissues) Both Simple Cuboidal & Simple Squamous found in

Found in kidney

(Urinary Tissues) Transitional Function

Stretches, but does not leak

(Urinary Tissues) Simple Cuboidal Function

Allows for diffusion of salts, sugar & water between blood & urine / filtrate.

(Urinary Tissues) Simple Squamous function

Filters, lets small substances through only

(Urinary Tissues) Transitional, Simple Cuboidal, Simple Squamous All have NO ____________

specialized cells.

(Urinary Tissues) Transitional image

(Urinary Tissues) Simple Cuboidal image

(Urinary Tissues) Simple Squamous image

(Urinary Disease) Diabetes Insipidus Organ Affected

Pituitary Gland

(Urinary Disease) Diabetes Mellitus Organ Affected

Pancreas

(Urinary Disease) Kidney Failure & Kidney Stones Organ Affected

Organ Affected = kidney

(Urinary Disease) Urinary Tract Infection Organ Affected (2)

• Urethra

• Bladder

Diabetes Insipidus Cause

DECREASED ADH production

Diabetes Mellitus Cause

DECREASED Insulin production (glucose regulator)

Kidney Failure Cause

Kidney function below 15%

Kidney Stones Cause

DECREASED H2O intake (dehydration)

Urinary Tract Infection Cause

Bacterial Infection

Diabetes Insipidus Symptoms (2)

• Thirst

• INCREASED urination

Diabetes Insipidus Treatment

ADH supplements

Diabetes Insipidus Urine Impact

Diluted urine (Increased H2O)

Diabetes Mellitus Symptoms (3)

• Thirst

• Hunger

• Increased urination

Diabetes Mellitus Treatment

Insulin shots

Diabetes Mellitus Urine Impact

“sweet” urine (glucose)

Kidney Failure Symptoms (2)

• DECREASED urination

• Swelling in legs

Kidney Failure Treatment (2)

• Dialysis

• Kidney Treatment

Kidney Failure Urine Impact

Brown (protein, RBC)

Kidney Stones Symptoms (2)

• Abdomen pain

• Nausea

Kidney Stones Treatment

Increase H2O intake

Kidney Stones Urine Impact

Mineral / salt deposits

Urinary Tract Infection Symptoms (2)

• Painful

• Increased urination

Urinary Tract Infection Treatment

Antibiotics

Urinary Tract Infection Urine Impact (2)

• Cloudy (WBC)

• Red (RBC)

Urinalysis

Test that determines content of the urine

Urinalysis detects (2)

• Detects disease

• Drug presence

(Urinalysis: Macroscopic Exam.) Color

Determines hydration

(Urinalysis: Macroscopic Exam.) Clarity

(Transparency): determines infection

3 choices for clairty

1. Clear

2. Cloudy

3. Turbid

(Urinalysis: Chemical Analysis) pH

Acidic level

(Urinalysis: Chemical Analysis) Protein (2)

• Error in filtration

• brown tint

(Urinalysis: Chemical Analysis) Glucose

possible diabetes mellitus

(Urinalysis Microscopic Exam.) Epithelial cells

Result in shedding of organ lining (normal)

If RBC present in urine (3)

• UTI (if severe enough to go to kidney

• kidney failure

• injury

If WBC or Bacteria found in urine

found in urine = infection

If crystals found in urine

if found in urine = Kidney stones

RBC should only be found in

Should only be found in kidneys

Antiduretic Hormone function

Increases water reabsorption, decreases urine output.

Antiduretic Hormone Gland

Gland = pituitary gland

Antiduretic Hormone Target Cell

Target cell = kidney

(Thirsty) ADH levels

ADH levels INCREASE

(Thirsty) Urine composition

urine comp. = concentrated

(Thirsty) Water movement

water movement: from urine to blood

(Thirsty) Blood Volume & Blood pressure

Both Blood Volume & Blood pressure INCREASE

(Well Hydrated) ADH Levels

ADH levels: DECREASE

(Well Hydrated) Urine comp.

Urine comp: dilute

(Well Hydrated) Water movement

Water movement: From blood to urine.

(Well Hydrated) Blood volume & blood pressur BOTH

Blood volume & blood pressur BOTH DECREASE

Diuretics

Any substance that increases production of urine

Ex of Diuretics (3)

• Alcohol

• Caffeine

• Certain medications to combat fluid retention

How Diuretics work

They INHIBIT ADH