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Last updated 4:17 AM on 8/26/26
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42 Terms

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Cross-Table Lateral C-Spine
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Cross-table lateral — common use
Trauma patient who should not be moved unnecessarily
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Cross-table lateral — SID
72 inches
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Cross-table lateral — CR
Perpendicular
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Cross-table lateral — centering
C4 in the midcoronal plane
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Cross-table lateral — breathing
Suspend on expiration to help the shoulders drop
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Cross-table lateral evaluation
Upper cervical structures should be properly superimposed without rotation
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Flexion C-Spine
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Lateral flexion — SID
72 inches
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Lateral flexion — CR
Perpendicular at C4
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Lateral flexion — patient action
Bring chin toward chest
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Purpose of flexion view
Demonstrates cervical mobility and opens/widens the interspinous spaces
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Flexion — interspinous spaces
Open / widen
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Flexion evaluation
Cervical spine should be in flexion with spinous processes demonstrated in profile
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Extension C-Spine
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Lateral extension — SID
72 inches
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Lateral extension — CR
Perpendicular at C4
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Lateral extension — patient action
Lift chin and extend head backward
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Purpose of extension view
Demonstrates cervical mobility in extension
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Extension — interspinous spaces
Narrow / close
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Extension evaluation
Cervical spine should demonstrate extension with spinous processes in profile
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Flexion vs extension
Flexion opens interspinous spaces; extension closes them
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Swimmer’s Lateral
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Swimmer’s lateral — purpose
Demonstrate C7–T1 when the shoulders obscure the cervicothoracic junction
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Swimmer’s lateral — centering
C7–T1 region
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Swimmer’s lateral — SID
Clover notes approximately 40 inches
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Swimmer’s lateral — CR angle
May use approximately 3–5° caudad if necessary
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Swimmer’s lateral — shoulder position
One arm/shoulder elevated and the opposite shoulder depressed to separate the shoulders
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Swimmer’s lateral — main anatomy
Cervicothoracic junction, especially C7–T1
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Swimmer’s memory clue
Can’t see C7–T1 on lateral → Swimmer’s
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High-Yield Comparisons
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AP open mouth
C1 + C2 + dens
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AP axial
C3–C7; 15–20° cephalad
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Obliques
Intervertebral foramina
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Lateral
Zygapophyseal joints
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Swimmer’s
C7–T1
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Vertebral foramen vs intervertebral foramen
Vertebral = spinal cord hole; intervertebral = spinal nerve exit hole
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Transverse foramen vs intervertebral foramen
Transverse = vessel hole in transverse process; intervertebral = nerve hole between vertebrae
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C1 vs C2
C1 = ring; C2 = dens
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Typical C3–C6 vs C1
Typical vertebrae have body, pedicles, laminae, and spinous process; C1 has arches and tubercles instead
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AP axial vs AP oblique
Both angle cephalad, but AP axial is straight AP while AP oblique also adds about 45° patient rotation
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Oblique vs lateral target anatomy
Oblique = intervertebral foramina; lateral = zygapophyseal joints