French-Indian War

When was the first war in North America?

1650

Who fought in the first war in North America?

Britain/France

What was fought over in the first war in North America?

Fur trade & fishing grounds

Who were the 3 superpowers during 1650-1748?

Britain, Spain, & France

Who was involved in the 4th war over North America?

Britain, Spain, & France

What were the three names given to the 5th war over North America?

• French-Indian War

• 7 Years War

• Great War for Empire

What is different between the first four wars over North America and the fifth?

The first four were inconclusive while the fifth one was conclusive.

What trade did the The Ohio River Valley Indians switch from/to?

They went from Canada trade to Pennsylvania trade

Why did The Ohio River Valley Indians switch trades?

B/c in Pennsylvania Trade there are:

• cheaper trade goods

• better made trade

• they are treated as equals

What were some groups included in The Ohio River Valley Indians?

Shawnees, Mingos, & Delawers

How did the French react to the Indians switching trade?

They thought the English were plotting to cut off Canada from Louisiana.

Did the English actually have a plot?

No, it was all speculation

What was the French’s solution to the English “plot”?

To build a chain of forts from Canada to Louisiana, all a days trip away from each other.

When did the French start building the chain of forts?

1750s

What fort did the French accidentally build on British territory?

Fort Duquesne

Where was Fort Duquesne built?

south west corner of Pennsylvania colony

What did the British decide to do when they found out the French had built a fort on their territory?

Evict them

When did Gov. Dinwittie (of VA) send a militia to the french fort?

1754

Who did Gov. Dinwittie (of VA) send to lead the militia?

George Washington

How many men were in Washingtons militia?

160

How was the intel given to Washington outdated?

He was originally told that the fort was unfinished and not manned (early 1754) but once he got there (July 1754) it was finished with 1,000 men and 18 cannons.

Who won the battle at the French fort?

The French

What problems arose for King George II?

• state of war between Britain & France

• Treasury Sect (GA) reports National Dept (75 million pounds)

• British people can’t afford not 1 penny in taxes to pay for the war

What were King Georges 3 ideas to fix these problems?

1. Use colonial militia

   • all colonies (in total) have 1 million armed w/ guns

   • However British army generals called colonists unprofessional

2. Army friendly Indians to fight French

   • still expensive since it would require giving gifts & food

   • Would have to give Indians guns (could later use on the British)

3. Surgical Strike

   • Send General E. Braddock (Cmdr. of British Forces- N. Amer.) and 2,000 top troops

   • Winter to spring they would drill, train, and get use to the sickness

What advise did Washington and Ben Franklin try to give to Braddock?

• The French and Indian army is 1/3 - ½ Indian

• They should use guerilla warfare (like the French and Indian army)

• To use American militia (would be good for American morale)

What advice does Braddock “agreed” to?

He agreed last minute to include 500 American militia including Washington and Daniel Boone

When was Braddock sent to the colonies?

Jan 1755

When did Braddock march to the French fort?

June 1755

What was wrong with Braddocks army?

• large & slow moving

• regwars

How did the French army attack Braddocks?

they attacked from behind rocks & trees

How many soliders did the French army have in this battle?

• 1400 soliders

  • 800 French

  • 600 Indian

How many soliders did Braddock’s army have in this battle and how many died?

• 2500 soldiers

  • 900 (indluding Braddock) died

When does King George II declares war?

1756

Who tells King George II that they will win the war for him?

William Pitt (sect. of state of American colonies)

When does William Pitt join the war?

1757

What changes does Will. Pitt make in the war?

• Deficit spending (spending money Britain doesn’t have)

  • loans from Netherlands/Dutch

• Naval Blockade on Canada coast

• 5000 soldiers brought from all over (Britian’s) empire to N. America

Which one of Pitt’s changes leads to a direct correlation to the revolution later on?

The deficit spending

What was the name of the treaty between the British and French Indian allies?

Treaty of Easton

When did the Treaty of Easton happen?

1758

Why did the Treaty of Easton happen?

Because the French could not supply their Indian allies with gifts, food, or guns because of the naval blockade

What was the surrender terms of the Treaty of Easton?

The British promised the Indians land west of the Appalachian Mountains (that land would be Indian only)

When did Spain join the war and became France’s ally?

1760

Why did Spain and France become allies?

• they were trying to preserve status quo Antebellum

  • try to preserve what you had before the war

What fort did the Biritsh/Cherokees/American Mailitia attack?

Ft. Duquesne

What did the British do when attacking Ft. Duquesne?

they blew it up and then rebuild it to be a brit-fort (Ft. Pitt)

When did the French surrender?

1763

What was the name of the treaty for France’s surrender?

Treaty of Paris

What real estate was transfer after the war ended?

• France transferred Canada & Martinique to Britain

• Spain transferred Florida to Britain (became the “14th colony”)

• France transferred Louisiana to Spain

What “deal” did France and Spain have about Louisiana?

If Spain ever wanted to dump Louisiana, it was to go back to France.