Ch. 19: Circulatory System I

Name the agranulocytes.

Lymphocytes and monocytes

Name the granulocytes.

Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils

Name three circulatory system functions.

Transport, protection, and regulation

What does the circulatory system move (5)?

Respiratory gases, nutrients, wastes, hormones, and stem cells

Name two respiratory gases that the circulatory system moved.

CO2 and O2

What does the circulatory system form to prevent blood loss?

Clot

What does the circulatory system do/have to fight infections and toxins?

Inflammation, WBC, and antibodies

What does the circulatory system balance (3)?

Fluid, pH, temperature

What are the components of blood?

Plasma and formed elements

What makes up formed elements in blood?

Erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets

What are cells and cell fragments in blood known as?

Formed elements

What makes up the buffy coat?

Leukocytes and platelets

What makes up less than 1% of whole blood?

Buffy coat

What is the clear, extracellular fluid (matrix) of blood?

Plasma

What makes up 55% of whole blood?

Plasma

What makes up 45% of whole blood?

Erythrocytes

What are red blood cells called?

Erythrocytes

What are white blood cells called?

Leukocytes

What are fragments of bone marrow cells called?

Platelets

T/f: Blood properties are typically the same between males and females.

False

What are the four things you would find in a complete blood count?

Hematocrit, platelet count, total white count, and hemoglobin

What makes up more than half of whole blood?

Plasma

What is the term used to describe plasma minus solids and clots?

Serum

What % is serum water by weight?

92

What does plasma contain (6)?

Proteins, nutrients, electrolytes, nitrogenous waste, hormones, and gases

Which proteins are present in plasma (4)?

Albumins, globulins, fibrinogen, enzymes

What nutrients are found in plasma (4)?

Glucose, AAs, lactic acid, lipids

What electrolytes are present ins plasma?

Na, K, Mg, Ca, Cl

Name a waste that is present in plasma.

Urea

What gases are present in plasma?

Oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen

What are three main proteins present in plasma?

Albumin, globulin, and fibrinogen

What percent of proteins does albumin make up in plasma?

60

What percent of proteins does globulin make up in plasma?

36

What percent of proteins does fibrinogen make up in plasma?

4

What do erythrocytes carry?

O2 and CO2

What shape are erythrocytes?

Discoid

What do erythrocytes lack?

Nucelus and mitochondria

T/f: Erythrocytes are anucleate.

True

T/f: Erythrocytes carry millions of hemoglobin molecules.

True

T/f: Molecules on cell membrane of erythrocytes determine blood type.

True

How many RBC/μL do men have?

4.6-6.2 million

How many RBC/μL do women have?

4.2-5.4 million

What % of hematocrit do men have?

45-52

What % of hematocrit do women have?

37-48

What is the term used to describe packed cell volume?

Hematocrit

Lower RBC and hematocrit values may indicate what?

Anemia

What is the iron-containing gas transport protein of red blood cells?

Hemoglobin

What is hemoglobin made of?

4 globins and 1 heme per globin

What binds to oxygen in hemoglobin?

Ferrous iron

What does iron bind to in hemoglobin?

Oxygen

What is the term used to describe the production of blood?

Hemopoiesis

What type of hemopoiesis occurs in red bone marrow?

Myeloid

What type of hemopoiesis happens in lymphatic organs?

Lymphoid

What type of hemopoiesis produces all types of formed elements?

Myeloid

What type of hemopoiesis produces lymphocytes?

Lymphoid

What type of hemopoiesis produces RBC?

Erythropoiesis

What do erythropoiesis originate from?

Hematopoietic stem cells

How long does erythropoiesis last?

120 days

What type of cell protects against pathogens?

WBC

What is the least abundant formed elements in blood?

WBC

What migrates out of the bloodstream and into connective tissue?

WBC

What type of WBC are neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils?

Granulocytes

What type of WBC are lymphocytes and monocytes?

Agranulocytes

What percent of WBC are neutrophils?

60-70

What type of WBC phagocytize bacteria and secrete antimicrobial chemicals?

Neutrophils

What increases the number of neutrophils?

Bacterial infection

What percent of WBC are eosinophils?

2-4

What increases the number of eosinophils (3)?

Parasitic infections, allergic reactions, collagen diseases

What type of WBC phagocytize antigen-antibody complexes, allergens, and inflammatory chemicals and secrete enzymes to weaken or destroy parasites?

Eosinophils

T/f: Eosinophils fluctuate with changes in menstrual cycle.

True

What percent of WBC are basophils?

<0.5

What increases number of basophils?

Diabetes and polycythemia

What type of WBC secrete histamine and heparin?

Basophils

What is histamine?

Vasodilator

What is heparin?

Anticoagulant

What percent of WBC are monocytes?

3-8

What increases number of monocytes?

Viral infections and inflammation

What type of WBC phagocytize pathogens, dead neutrophils and debris and present antigens to activate immune system?

Monocytes

What percent of WBC are lymphocytes?

25-33

What increases number of lymphocytes?

Infection and immune responses

What type of WBC secrete antibodies and serve in immunity?

Lymphocytes

What is the production of WBCs called?

Leukopoiesis

What type of WBC(s) stay in the red marrow until needed?

Granulocytes and monocytes

What type of WBC(s) mature in bone marrow?

B lymphocytes and natural killer cells

What type(s) of WBC mature in the thymus?

T lymphocytes

T/f: Leukocyte life span ranges: some only live days other live decades.

True

What types of WBC come from the the lymphocytic origin?

B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and natural killer cells

What types of WBC come from the the myeloid origin?

Eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, and monocytes

What are small fragments of megakaryocytes that aid in blood clotting?

Platelets

T/f: Platelets do not have any organelles.

False

T/f: Platelets have nuclei.

True

T/f: Platelets have an open canicular system and pseudopods when activated.

True

Name 5 functions of platelets.

Clot formation and dissolving, vasoconstriction, WBC attraction, destruction of bacteria, stimulating mitosis

What is the term used to describe platelet production?

Thrombopoiesis

What can hematopoietic stem cells become?

Megakaryoblasts

What do megakaryocytes sprout in red marrow?

Proplatelet tendrils

Where do megakaryocytic sprout proplatelet tendrils?

Red marrow

Where are proplatelets broken into platelets?

Lung capillaries

What is the term used to describe the cessation of bleeding?

Hemostasis

What do platelets release during hemostasis?

Serotonin and clotting factors