OP Chapter 3 Immunity and Immunologic Oral Lesions

Acantholysis

dissolution of the intercellular bridges of the prickle later of the epithelium.

Angioedema

a lesion that appear as a diffuse swelling of tissue caused by increased permeability of deeper blood vessels; the skin covering the swelling appears normal.

Attenuated

the ability to reduce the virulence of a pathogenic microorganism but still keep it viable, as is done in the development of certain vaccines.

B-Cell Lymphocytes

a lymphocyte that develops in lymphoid tissue other than the thymus and that can later differentiate into a plasma cell that produces antibody, the main indicator of humoral immunity.

Cytokines

proteins produced by cells for intracellular communication.

Dendritic Cell

a white blood cell that acts as an antigen-presenting cell in the skin and mucosa.

Humoral Immunity

a type of indirect protection from infectious disease that occurs when a large percentage of the population becomes immune to infection.

Immunoglobulins

proteins secreted by plasma cells that serve as antibodies designed to respond to a specific antigen.

immunoregulatory, antineoplastic, and antiviral.

Interferons have three types of activity. what are they?

LE cell

Mature neutrophil with a phagocytized spherical inclusion derived from another neutrophil; used as a marker of autoimmune disease.

Nikolsky Sign

diagnostic sign whereby the superficial epithelium separates easily from the basal layer on exertion of firm, sliding manual pressure with fingers or tongue blade.

Pathergy Test

a nonspecific hypersensitivity reaction, in which a small sterile needle is inserted into the skin of the forearm. A small red bump or pustule will appear at the site of the needle insertion in 1 to 2 days if the test is positive. May be used in diagnosis of Bechet syndrome.

Pruritus

the symptom of severe itching caused by a disease process, possibly a hypersensitivity reaction or allergy.

Rheumatoid Factor (RF)

antibody that binds to certain antibodies found in the serum of patients with rheumatoid arthitis and connective tissue disease such as Sjogren syndrome. Current assays test for IgM-class.

Schrimer test

a test that measure lacrimal gland flow by placing special filter paper strips inside the eyelid for about 5 minutes.

Serum sickness

a classic example of type III hypersensitivity that involves a drug allergy to antitoxin serum from horses.

Symblepharon

fibrous adhesion between the eyeball and conjunctiva.

Tzanck cells

detached rounded cells caused by a loss of attachement between epithelial cells, aka acantholytic cells- these cells are present with pemphigus vulgaris.

Urticaria

multiple areas of well demarcated swelling of the skin, usually accompanied by itching; casued by localized areas of vascular permeability in the superficial connective tissue beneath epithelium.

Hives

What is the lamens term for urticaria?

the first statement is false, the second is true.

Immunity it the increased responsiveness from the retained memory of a newly encountered antigen. Thus memory is a characteristic function of the acquired immune response.

immunopathology

the study of diseases caused by the malfunctioning of the immune system.

hypersensitivity, autoimmune disease, and immunodeficiency.

immunopathological conditions include…?

hint: (3)

Hypersensitvity

is an exaggerated immune response to an antigen or immunogen causing an immunopathologic condition, along with tissue destruction.

Type I Hypersensitivity

• aka anaphylactic type hypersensitivity

• reaction occurs immediately after exposure to a previously encountered allergen

• plasma cells produce IgE as a response to allergen

• examples: hay fever and hives

IgE binds to mast cells causing them to release granules containing histamine, which then causes an increase in dilation and permeability of blood vessels.

What causes edema in a hypersensitivity reaction?

Type II Hypersensitivity

• aka cytotoxic type hypersensitivity

• the antibody combines with an antigen that is bound to the surface of tissue cells, usually a circulating red blood cell

• activated complement components, as well as IgG and IgM antibodies in blood, participate in this reaction

• results in destruction of tissue that has the antigen on the surface of its cells.

• examples: incompatible blood transfusions and rhesus incompatibility.

Type III Hypersensitvity

• aka immune complex type hypersensitivity

• immune complexes form between microorganisms and antibody and antibody in the circulating blood, these complexes leave the blood are are deposited in various types of tissue or even localized to an organ

• Neutrophils are attracted to tissue within these deposited complexes resulting in phagocytosis and subsequent lysosomal release which causes tissue destruction

Type IV Hypersensitivity

• aka cell mediated type hypersensitvity; delayed hypersensitivity

• not a humoral response; a cell mediated response is formed that produces antibodies

• T-lymphocytes

• example: Tuberculosis diagnosis (skin test) or rejection of tissue grafts/organ transplants

Serum Sickness

Which drug hypersensitivity is also considered a Type III Hypersensitivity and is most commonly caused by penicillin?