APES Unit 8 - Aquatic/Terrestrial Pollution

thermal pollution in the form of hot water from nearby power plant

A drop in dissolved oxygen in water would most likely be caused by (8.6)

countries dumping solid waste directly into the ocean

Floating islands of trash in the ocean were created primarily by __? (8.9)

LD50

The dose of a chemical that is lethal to 50% of the population of a particular species. (8.12)

LC50

Describes the effect on an organism in a population based on the dose of a particular toxin or drug. (8.13)

it can reduce landfill volume

Combustion of landfill gases can be useful in that __? (8.10)

Iodine

Methods used to remove bacteria (disinfection) at the end of wastewater treatment include all of the following but __ ? (8.11)

Tertiary treatment

Sewage Treatment Step: Any ecological or chemical process used to remove pollutants after primary and secondary treatment (8.11)

Secondary treatment

Sewage Treatment Step: breakdown of organic matter into CO2 and sludge, biological process, aerated tanks (8.11)

Primary treatment

Sewage Treatment Step: screens, grates, settling tanks, physical removal of solids and grit. (8.11)

restoring habitat and turning an old landfill into a park

Which of the following is an example of a common landfill mitigation strategy? (8.10)

E-waste

Which of the following should be reused or recycled because they contain heavy metals like lead and mercury? (8.10)

rodents

Drawbacks to composting include odors and ___? (8.10)

it's energy intensive and can be costly

A drawback to recycling is that __? (8.10)

Recycling

A process by which certain solid waste materials are processed and converted into new products (8.10)

it significantly reduces the volume of solid waste

What's one way in which incinerating solid waste is better than disposing of it in landfill (8.9)

carbon dioxide collection system

A standard landfill design contains all of the following EXCEPT a (8.9)

E-waste

Best term to describe discarded devices like televisions, phones, and computers (8.9)

contamination of groundwater

Which of the following is a risk associate with landfills? (8.9)

sulfur dioxide

Which of the following would NOT be considered solid waste? (8.9)

changing the climate of zones that were once temperate into tropical

Climate change is affecting the spread of pathogens and infectious diseases by __? (8.15)

Zika

Disease spread by mosquitos that can also be spread through sexual contact. (8.15)

SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)

Form of pneumonia transferred by inhaling or touching infected fluids (8.15)

deformities in producers

Environmental effects of persistent substances that become biomagnified include all of the following EXCEPT (8.8)

POPs (persistent organic pollutants)

Dangerous because they can travel long distances via wind or water before being redeposited (8.7)

fat tissue

If an animal was exposed to DDT or PCBs, which type of tissue you would expect to find traces of those substances? (8.7)

POPs (like PCBs, DDT)

Synthetic, carbon-based molecules that do not easily break down in the environment (8.7)

agricultural runoff and wastewater release

Two primary sources of nutrient pollution (8.5)

oligotrophic waterways

Waterways that have very low amounts of nutrients, stable algae populations, and high dissolved oxygen. (8.5)

hypoxic

Term used to describe water with low amounts of oxygen (8.5)

excess nutrients runoff into water, algal bloom, algae dies, decomposing bacteria populations boom

Which of the following is the most accurate order of events in regards to cultural eutrophication? (8.5)

runoff from a nearby hog farm

Which of the following would be the most direct threat to a local wetland or mangroves? (8.4)

water purification

Wetlands provide which of the following (8.4)

tracts of land that are wet for some or all of the year

Wetlands are (8.4)

endocrine disruptors

Classification of pollutants that affect hormone production in animals. (8.3)

Low-income, poverty stricken areas lacking waste disposal

Description of a place where pathogens and other infectious diseases are most prevalent and easily spread (8.15)

plague

Disease transferred to humans via the bite of an infected organism or through contact with contaminated fluids or tissues. (8.15)

tuburculosis

Lung disease. Spread by breathing in the bacteria from the bodily fluids of an infected person. (8.15)

dead zones in bodies of water

Nutrient pollution causes (8.2)

nitrogen and phosphorus

Which of the following combinations is associated with nutrient pollution? (8.5)

it goes down then comes up again

A farmer discharges animal waste in a river. What happens to the amount of DO (dissolved oxygen) the further you get from the farm. (8.2)

sediment pollution

Type of water pollution that limits light from reaching aquatic plants and other organisms (8.2)

Methylmercury

Substance the is highly toxic to humans (8.2)

methylmercury

Bacteria in water convert elemental mercury to ____, which is highly toxic to humans (8.2)

solids waste is consumed by birds and fish, which clogs up their digestive systems

How does litter damage aquatic environments? (8.2)

appearance is irrelevant. Pathogens can be in both sanitary and unsanitary looking environments

Environments in which pathogens can be present and cause damage to human health (8.15)

pathogens

Organisms that adapt and take advantage of new opportunities to infect and spread through human populations. (8.15)

dysentery

Caused by untreated sewage in streams and rivers. (8.14)

mesothelioma

Type of cancer caused by exposure to asbestos (8.14)

tropospheric ozone

One of that atmospheric substances that causes respiratory problems (8.14)

malaria

Parasitic disease caused by bites from infected mosquitoes. It is most often found in sub-Saharan Africa. (8.15)

Cholera

Which of the following is NOT transmitted by mosquitos (8.15)

West Nile Virus

Disease spread by infected mosquitos (8.15)

MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome)

Form of pneumonia transferred by inhaling or touching infected fluids. (8.15)

TB (tuberculosis)

Which of the following CANNOT be sexually transmitted? (8.15)

cholera

Disease spread by contaminated water (8.15)

malaria

Which of the following is NOT a disease spread through unsanitary water? (8.14)

endocrine disruptors

Pollutants that can lead to birth defects, developmental disorders, and gender imbalances in fish and other species. (8.3)

point source

A single, identifiable source of a pollutant, such as a smokestack or waste discharge pipe. (8.1)

The residents of the City of Dallas

Which of the following is NOT a point source of pollution. (8.1)

Range of Tolerance

Term used to describe an organism's ability to survive and reproduce amongst various levels of pollutants (8.2)

Increased tourism

Which of the following factors is LEAST responsible for coral reef damage in recent years? (8.2)

Areas in bodies of water with no oxygen

Dead zones are best described as __? (8.2)

by increasing populations of oil-eating bacteria

Oil spills negatively impact the environment in all of the follow ways EXCEPT ___ ? (8.2)

oxygen sag curve

Term for a plot of dissolved oxygen levels versus the distance from a source of pollution (8.2)

heavy metals

Substances from mining and the burning of fossil fuels that can reach the ground water supply (8.2)

increasing overall tourism because of unique oil slicks

Oil spills negatively impact humans in all of the following ways EXCEPT (8.2)

eating large fish that have accumulated high levels of heavy metals

Which of the following could lead to human reproductive, nervous, and circulatory system issues. (8.8)

fatty tissue

Which of the following represents the tissue in which harmful substances typically accumulate in organisms (8.8)

Nitrogen

All of the following are substances commonly bioaccumulate in living organisms EXCEPT (8.8)

Yellowfin tuna

Which of the following organisms would most likely contain the most mercury due to bioaccumulation? (8.8)

Tertiary consumers

Which consumers experience the most accumulation of toxic chemicals over their lifetime? (8.8)