Musculoskeletal HA

Movement effects: - 5

• pain

• tactile perception

• intracranial perception

• oxygenation

• perfusion

Axial Skeleton - 4

• skull

• ribs

• sternum

• spinal column

Appendicular Skeleton - 2

• pelvis

• extremities

subjective data to ask: - 5

• pain

• weakness

• decreased ROM

• deformities

• incoordination

objective data (inspect) - 5

• posture

• gait

• balance

• coordination

• ROM

objective data (palpate) - 4

• swelling

• redness

• warmth

• muscle strength

Acute Assessment - 6

• symmetry

• size

• shape

• movement

• position

• pain

Focused Assessment - 6

• symmetry

• size

• shape

• movement

• soft tissue injury

• allignment

Risk Factors - 13

• family history

• age

• gender

• heritage

• smoking

• alcohol

• calcium deficit

• lack of weight bearing exercise

• obesity

• meds

• occupation

• body frame

• joint injury

Health Promotion - 7

• stay active

• stop smoking

• don’t alcohol

• eat calcium

• control weight

• know side effects of meds

• avoid joint injury

Joint Injury (Nursing Interviews) - 6

• administer pain meds*

• position for comfort*

• monitor vitals

• monitor sensation

• monitor movement

• monitor pulsation

Joint Degeneration (Nursing Interventions) - 4

• perform passive ROM

• encourage active ROM

• administer pain meds

• position for comfort

Diagnostic Tests and what they do - 6

• LDH, CK, AST - muscle injury

• Alkaline Phosphate - bone injury; wasting

• Uric Acid: gouty arthritis

• ESR, CRP, Rheumatoid Factor: inflammation

• X-ray: osteoporosis; injury

• CT and MRI: soft tissue injury

Elderly - 5

• slower paced

• decreased bone density

• decreased ROM

• decreased sub q

• decreased height

Children - 4

• greenstick

• abuse

• risk for falls

• risky activities

Gender - 2

• Women - osteoporosis after menopause

• Men - risk for injury

Types of Joint and What they are - 3

Synarthrodial: immovable

Diarthrodial: freely movable

Amphiarthrodial: slightly movable

Muscle Strength Grading

0 - no contraction

1 - slight contraction

2 - complete ROM w gravity eliminated

3 - complete ROM w gravity

4 - complete ROM against gravity w/ some resistance

5 - complete ROM against gravity w/ full resistance

Examination - 7

• hand hygiene

• inspect skeleton and extremities

• palpate muscle

• palpate bones and joints

• assess ROM of each joint

• assess muscle tone

• assess muscle strength and compare sides