CJ 250 Unit 1 Exam

Humans create the complex system of meaning called “organizations.”

True 

Which type of organization tends to be hierarchical, slow to change, and unsuited to an increasingly volatile global environment?

bureaucratic

The development of less explicit and coercive forms of control means that control is no longer an important issue in daily organizational life.

 

False

On a recent flight, two men who had obviously overindulged at the airport bar began acting increasingly loudly and rudely on the airplane. Molly, a junior airline attendant, went to them and told them to stay in their seats and be quiet, and informed them that she would not serve them anything alcoholic. Sharee, the head attendant and Molly’s supervisor, told her to apologize to the men and bring them the drinks they requested. Which form of control best describes this situation?

Buratic control

AJ and JR, new business partners, previously lacked structure in their operations. Now, they’re introducing an employee handbook that defines roles, rewards, rights, and policies. What type of organizational control are they using?

Behavior Control

Tensions between the goals, beliefs, and desires of individual organization members and those of the larger organization are usually resolved by subordinating the goals and beliefs of individuals.

True

Companies like Airbnb, Uber, and Etsy are attractive because they offer employees ______.

work−life balance

What does treating communication within an organizational structure as an information−transmission process imply?

but often inadequate for the complexities of human interaction and effective leadership.

Max Weber described pre−capitalist society as one in which people worked to meet basic needs. What is one belief about work in the 21st century?

Today’s jobs are interconnected in beliefs and psychological motivation.

What is one limitation of the “communication in organizations” perspective on the organization−communication perspective?

profound way that daily communicative choices actively create and recreate the organizational reality.

Which school of thought envisions popular culture as something that is administered from above as an instrument of social control?

the Frankfurt School

Which element is part of the postcolonial approach?

drawing attention to differences such as race

The $1 billion Facebook paid to acquire Instagram in 2012 was based on Instagram’s ______.

exchange value

According to Marx, capitalism would naturally evolve into socialism.

True

The ability to question common sense assumptions about the world is done through the development of ______.

critical communication capacities

Historical materialism examines shifts in property ownership and class relationships.

False

The approach that explores the ways in which economics, culture, and politics interact to create social reality is called Marxism.

 

False

McDonaldization describes the proliferation of prepackaged, instant, easily consumable products and lifestyles. Which concept is this an illustration of?

The sociologist George Ritzer coined McDonaldization in the 1990s as a way to update and expand upon Max Weber's earlier theory of rationalization.

According to cultural studies, examples of pop culture, such as comic books, action films, and Lady Gaga, are as sources of serious, academic study

True

A Sandals resort vacation is a cultural phenomenon that cultural studies scholars would see as a valid research topic.

True

Which feature of the educational system is an example of rationalization?

using anonymous teaching evaluations to determine teacher pay

What does task time refer to?

a sense of time where work is shaped by the demands of the duties to be performed

Which of the following is a basic principle of scientific management?

There is equal division of work between management and workers.

From a scientific management perspective, what is the focal point of organizational control?

the human body

Jennifer works for an organization where favoritism and nepotism are the order of the day. Despite Jennifer’s superior performance and qualifications, the CEO chooses his son as the next leader when he retires. Which form of authority best characterizes this organization?

traditional

Under Fordism, capitalism was shaped by a political and economic philosophy that attempted to manage the boom−and−bust economic cycles of the early days of primitive capitalism.

True

Andrew’s organization follows the bureaucratic model and follows rules and regulations that are clearly defined. Which form of authority best characterizes this organization?

rational−legal

The development and implementation of the principles of scientific management were a purely technological issue.

False

Frederick Taylor saw communication and cooperation among workers as problematic.

True

Alex notices how efficient Sam is in the factory; however, she believes Sam’s productivity can be increased by 200% if she gives him a 50% salary increase. Which management theory does Alex’s decision illustrate?

scientific management

Which leadership style is included in Likert’s four systems approach?

exploitative−authoritative

Mary Parker Follett’s work was driven by her belief that democracy is not a relevant consideration when discussion organizations.

False

When she spoke of “organizations,” what did Follett have in mind?

flat, nonhierarchical collectives that could empower people to improve their everyday lives

According to Alton Mayo, industrialization process alienate individuals by ______.

destroying the tight social bonds between workers, which are essential for the creation of human identity

What was the purpose of Hawthorne’s Interview Program?

to allow workers to let off steam, thus experiencing psychological and emotional improvement in their attitudes toward work

According to Ellen O’Connor, what were the two distinct camps that developed out of the debates regarding democracy and its application to industrial contexts?

industrial democrats and democratic realists

In the debate between the industrial democrats and the democratic realists, the industrial democrats’ position prevailed.

False

The Hawthorne studies’ findings can be accurately reduced to this popular statement: “a happy worker is a productive worker.”

False

The Hawthorne studies, coupled with Mayo’s political philosophy, seemed to provide a solution to the intense industrial conflict that was a pervasive feature of the workplace in the 1920s and 1930s

True

If the findings of the Relay Assembly Test Room Studies are valid, which scenario would accurately reflect those findings?

ACME Corp. experienced a 20% boost in productivity when its management became friendlier and more hands−off.

While the pragmatist approach largely focuses on business organizations (which would make sense, given its managerial orientation), the purist perspective has included a large array of organizations in the scope of its studies.

True

Why are organizational culture researchers interested in stories and storytelling?

Studying the themes, heroes, and villains of stories reflects what a particular organization prioritizes and where tension exists amongst different organizational interest groups.

In which field of study did the idea of culture as a metaphor for organizations originate?

anthropology

Kelly and her 30−something friends occasionally use the phrase, “That’s so college” to refer to something that only occurred during their four years at university: partying late into the evening, cramming all night for exams, stressing about grade point averages, etc. Which symbolic form accurately refers to their sense that these things are “so college” and not a regular part of the culture of their post−college adult lives?

relevant constructs

The cultural pragmatist approach to organizations sees culture as a variable.

 

True

For a researcher taking a purist approach to organizational culture, it is always necessary to maintain distance and separation from those they research.

False

To understand the communicative accomplishment of sense making, culture researchers must try to answer two basic questions: (1) What are the key communication activities through which organizational sense making occurs? and (2) In any particular organization, what are the features of this sense−making process?

True

At Danielle’s undergrad school, couples who kissed in a campus gazebo were said to get engaged before graduation — which happened to her. Later, she found a similar tradition at her grad school involving the university seal. This reflects what?

Uniqueness pardox": Different places sharing similar cultural myths

Which statement accurately describes the conditions in which the cultural approach to organizational communication emerged?

Economic instability, oil crises, labor strikes, and global competition started to show the cracks in bureaucracy.

The existence of “culture boot camps” or intensive “cultural training” programs at workplaces are examples of which approach?

critical

impilcations to communications

vertical

written

formal

What did Mayo Belive

Groups

Emotional decsion making

What did Barnard Belive 

Cooperation 

Identification leads to more communtment, influence and work harder 

Maslows Hieracry of needs order 

1. Self actulization 

2. Self estteem 

3. Social 

4. Safety 

5. Physicalogicol 

If you pay people enough to meet what needs are met

socail

saftey

psychilgical

What did Dan price do?

Make everyones salerts starting at 70k a year even his

Organizational Culture

Artififacts

Valuves 

Assumptions 

The pragmatisit Approach

Something an organization has - Training videos

Purist Appoach

something an organization is

How is an Org Cultue Developed 

Fpunders 

Stproes 

Slections 

Systems and Procedures 

Leaders 

Functions of org culture

Diff org

Provides Id

Enchances a Social system 

Faciliates commitment 

Facilates Control 

Org Attachment

Comprised of how commited to a company

Affective

personal ide goes with company

contiounose

have to stay for money

Four deadly sins of work place culture

toxitcity

Mediocary 

Buracracy 

Anarchy

Toxicity 

resuluts forst/ relationships second 

Mediocracy

Relationships over results

Bureacray

rules over risk

Anarchy

risks over rules

what metaphor does the systmes approach use to uunderstand human behavior (Including organizations)

Organisms

Machine metaphor is an example of what

classical approach

two ways that org culture is communicatively developed

Leadership and symbolic communication

explain two functions of org culture

Provides Direction and Fosters Social Integration

provide an example of org culture from this perspective 

Provides Direction and Shared Meaning along with Foster Social Integration

What is a purist approach to organizational culture

is, the organization is its culture

pragmatist approach what is this

views culture as a strategic tool—something an organization has, not what it is.