CMN 120 MIDTERM pt. 2

3 types of attraction

task, physical, social

Matching hypothesis

people tend to choose romantic partners who are similar to them in physical attractiveness

what factors influence attraction?

proximity, mere exposure, isolation anxiety, similarity, complementary needs, reciprocity of liking

isolation anxiety

attracted to people who also want to be around people

What is the compensatory hypothesis?

people are attracted to partners who strengths complement their weaknesses.

What are Lee’s 6 love styles?

eros, lupus, storage, pragma, mania, agape

Eros

romantic, passionate love, physical attraction and intimacy

Ludus

no commitment, fun

Storge

friendship love, peaceful

pragma

practical and logical

mania

intensity and drops, jelly

agape

loving some unconditionally

3 major qualities ppl look for in a romantic partner (Tran and Miller)

warmth-trustworthiness (kindness, honest), vitality-attractiveness (physical attraction/health), status-resources

What is attachment theory?(bowlby)

The idea that interactions between infants and caregivers shape future communication patterns and relationships

Why is a secure attachment important

it promotes healthy emotional, social, and mental development

What is the internal working model?

A persons beliefs about themselves and other that develop from early caregiver relationships. 2 parts: model of self and model of others

What happens when caregivers respond consistently?

secure attachment: positive view of self and others

What happens when caregivers respond inconsistently?

negative view of self and positive view of others

What happens when caregivers are rejecting and indifferent?

positive view of self and negative view of others

how do attachment styles influence adult relationships?

shapes expectations about love, trust, support, and meeting emotional needs

what is nonverbal communication? (Guerrero and Hecht)

all messages communicated without words/language

3 broad types of nonverbal communication?

body movements, vocal behavior, clothing & appearance

Why is nonverbal communication important

it “leaks” our true feelings, its harder to control than verbal communication, ppl trust nonverbal cues more than verbal

Merhrabian’s formula of liking judgement

7% verbal, 38% vocal, 55% facial expressions

Nonverbal channels

gestures, paralanguage, touch, gaze, facial expressions, space/proxemics

4 types of gestures

emblems (have direct verbal meaning thumbs up), illustrators (how big a fish was), regulators (convo flow like nodding), adaptors (things to regulate emotional arousal like fidgeting)

Paralanguage

how something is said rather than what is said. 5 temporal characteristics: phonetic pause, silent pause, filled pause, response latency, speech rate

Vocal properties

articulation (pronunciation), loudness, pitch, stress (emphasis on words or syllables)

Haptics

communications through touch

What can touch communicate?

liking and dominance

According to Guerrero & Anderson (1991) which couples touched the most in public?

couples in intermediate stage

What is gaze?

looking at another person

Gaze aversion

avoiding eye contact

2 functions of eye gaze

regulating communication and showing attraction/dominance

6 universal facial expression

joy, sadness, fear, anger, disgust, surprise. considered innate and universal

what is proxemics?

study of how people use personal space

Hall’s 4 proxemic zones

Intimate (0-18 inches), personal (1.5-4 feet), social (4-12 feet), public (12+ feet)

Expectancy violations theory (EVT)

to explain/predict how people respond when someone violates their expectations

3 assumptions of EVT

we have expectations for other’s behaviors, expectations influence impressions and outcomes, violations are not always negative

4 main constructs of EVT

expectancy, violation, violation valence (evaluation if pos/neg), and communicator reward valence (judging violation based on qualities of person)