Ch. 7 Respiratory System

Carbon dioxide

– tasteless, colorless, odorless gas produced by body during metabolism

Ph

– Acid less than 7

Alveol/o

– alveolus (sacs at end of bronchioles)

Pleur/o

– pleura (serous membrane that wraps around lungs)

Pulmon/o, pneum/o, pneumon/o

– lung

Thorac/o

– chest

Phren/o

– diaphragm

Orth/o

– straight

Aden/oid

– resembling the adenoids

Laryng/o/plegia

– paralysis of the larynx (voice box)

Bronchi/ectasis

– expansion of the bronchi

Trache/o/cele

– hernia of the trachea

Phren/o/plegia

– paralysis of the diaphragm

Thorac/o/pathy

– disease of the chest

Tachy/pnea

– rapid breathing

Dys/pnea

– dysfunctional breathing/shortness of breath

Tonsillitis

– inflammation of tonsils

Mucoid

– resembling mucus

Rhinorrhea

– discharge from the nose

Pulmonologist

– specialist of the lungs

Laryngoplegia

– paralysis of the larynx

Apnea

– absence of breathing

COPD

– Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

COPD Emphysema

“barrel chest” because of air trapped in lungs, easier to breathe when standing. Air sacs can open when inhaling but unable to fully contract trapping air in lungs

COPD Asthma

spasms of bronchial passages from allergens, irritants, cold, stress, bronchodilators relax smooth muscles, Mucolytics loosen mucus

COPD Bronchitis

inflammation of bronchial passages from irritants, virus or bacterium.  

Paroxysmal attack

– violent sudden asthma attack

Pulmonary embolism

– foreign object travels through blood stream into a pulmonary artery (usually blood clot). Signs include hemoptysis (coughing blood), chest pain, short breath, Edema, acrocyanosis

Atelectasis

– collapsed lung due to blocked airway, trauma, infection

Consolidation

– process of becoming solid (describes engorged lung)

Coryza

– acute inflammation of nasal mucosa with profuse discharge (rhinitis or cold)

Epistaxis

– bleed from nose (also called rhinorrhagia)

Rhonchi

– abnormal respiratory sound resembling snoring caused by blockage in larger airways

Stridor

– high pitched and may be life threatening

Acidosis

– excessive acidity associated with pulmonary insufficiency and retention of carbon dioxide.

Cystic fibrosis (CF)

– genetic disease that causes mucus to become unusually thick and sticky, plugging tubes and ducts, especially in the lungs and pancreas

Pneumothorax

– presence of air in the pleural cavity causes by blunt or penetrating chest injury or because of thoracic surgery

Pleurisy

– inflammation of the pleural membrane causing stabbing pain when coughing or deep breathing

Bronchiectasis

–bronchi perm damaged, widened, scarred. Can’t clear mucus effectively

Anthracosis

– anthrac/o black lung disease

Pneumoconiosis

– coni/o dust in the lungs

Orthopnea

– orth/o discomfort breathing relieved by sitting or standing straight

Hypoxemia

– ox/o abnormal decrease of oxygen in arterial blood

Phrenospasm

– phren/o diaphragm involuntary spasm of diaphram

Hypercapnia

– capnia excessive carbon dioxide

Anosmia

– osmi loss of smell

Apnea

– pnea without breathing

Hemoptysis

– ptysis spitting blood

Hemothorax

– pleural effusion containing blood usually result of trauma to chest

Pulmonary edema

– accumulation of extravascular fluid in lung tissue and alveoli usually from heart failure

Pleuroscopy

– pleur/o insertion of endoscope through small incision in chest to inspect pleural space, obtain lung tissue, inject medications.

Spirometer

– spir/o evaluates movement of air in and out of lungs

Tracheostomy

– surgical creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck

Lavage

– irrigation of paranasal sinuses to remove mucopurulent material

Postural Drainage

– position body so gravity helps remove secretions from lung or bronchi usually followed by coughing and expelling secretions from the trachea

Endotracheal intubation

– tube passed into the trachea to ensure air passages remain open during surgery

Polysomnography

– sleep test that records brain waves (EEG), electrical activity of muscles, eye movements, respiratory rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation of the blood and heart rhythm.

Pneumonectomy

– surgical procedure to remove a lung or a portion of a lung.

Septoplasty

– correction of deviate nasal septum

Laryngectomy

– removal of all or part of larynx. Patient breathes through opening in the neck

Tracheotomy

– incision of the trachea

Oximetry

– act of measuring oxygen (percentage of hemoglobin saturated with O2)

CPAP

continuous positive airway pressure

Throat culture

– ID bacterium or fungus causing throat infection

Thoracentesis

– removal of fluid from the pleural space

MDIs

– metered dose inhalers common system for treating COPD

NMT

– nebulized mist treatments for patients who cannot use other inhalers

ABG

– arterial blood gas test measures dissolved O2 to evaluate acid state and how well O2 is being carried to body tissues.

MRI

– Magnetic resonance imaging

PFT

– pulmonary function tests

Mantoux test

– injection of tuberculin PPD just beneath the surface of the skin to ID previous exposure to TB

Corticosteroids

– act on immune system blocking substances that trigger allergic and inflammatory actions

Decongestants

– constricts blood vessels of nasal passages causing swollen tissues to shrink

Antitussives

– relieve or suppress coughing by blocking the cough reflex in the medulla of the brain

ARDS

– acute respiratory distress symptom

CXR

– chest x-ray

DVT

deep vein thrombosis

EEG

electroencephalogram