Lesson 2 (Other Body Fluids) : Vaginal Secretions & BAL

are examined in the clinical laboratory to diagnose infections and complications of pregnancy and for forensic testing.

Vaginal secretions

one of the most common conditions diagnosed by health-care providers for female patients, particularly women of childbearing age. It is characterized by abnormal vaginal discharge or odor, pruritus, vaginal irritation, dysuria, and dyspareunia.

Vaginitis

The health-care provider collects vaginal secretions during a _____.

pelvic examination

Which of the following would not be a reason to collect a vaginal fluid for analysis?

A. Vaginitis

B. Complications of pregnancy resulting in preterm

delivery

C. Forensic testing in a sexual assault

D. Pregnancy testing

D. Pregnancy testing

Which of the following organisms might not be detected if the specimen for vaginal secretion analysis had been refrigerated?

A. Prevotella bivia

B. Lactobacillus acidophilus

C. Trichomonas vaginalis

D. Candida albicans

B. Lactobacillus acidophilus

The appearance of the vaginal discharge in vulvovaginal candidiasis is described as:

A. Clear and colorless

B. Thin, homogeneous white-to-gray discharge

C. White, curd-like

D. Yellow-green and frothy

C. White, curd-like

A normal range for a vaginal pH is:

A. 3.8 to 4.5

B. 5.0 to 6.0

C. 6.0 to 7.0

D. 7.0 to 7.4

A. 3.8 to 4.5

Which of the following tests differentiates budding yeast cells from RBCs?

A. pH

B. Saline wet mount

C. KOH prep

D. Whiff test

C. KOH prep

Which of the following constituents is normal in healthy vaginal fluid secretions?

A. Lactobacilli

B. Basal cells

C. Trichomonas vaginalis

D. Pseudohyphae

A. Lactobacilli

Vaginal specimens collected for a saline wet prep should be:

A. Refrigerated to preserve motility

B. Prepared as soon as possible

C. Mailed to a reference laboratory

D. Preserved with potassium hydroxide

B. Prepared as soon as possible

A positive amine (Whiff) test is observed in which of the following syndromes?

A. Bacterial vaginosis

B. Vulvovaginal candidiasis

C. Atrophic vaginitis

D. Desquamative inflammatory vaginitis

A. Bacterial vaginosis

A squamous epithelial cell covered with coccobacilli that extends beyond the cytoplasm margin is a:

A. Basal cell

B. Parabasal cell

C. Clue cell

d. Blastospor

C. Clue cell

All of the following are diagnostic of bacterial vaginosis except:

A. Vaginal pH of 3.8

B. Presence of clue cells

C. Positive amine (Whiff) test

D. Thin, homogeneous white-to-gray vaginal discharge

A. Vaginal pH of 3.8

Which of the following organisms produces lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide to maintain an acid vaginal environment?

A. Gardnerella vaginalis

B. Mobiluncus spp.

C. Lactobacilli spp.

D. β -Hemolytic streptococci

C. Lactobacilli spp.

All of the following are diagnostic of vulvovaginal candidiasis except:

A. Large numbers of WBCs

B. Presence of clue cells

C. Positive KOH test

D. Vaginal pH of 4.0

B. Presence of clue cells

All of the following are diagnostic of trichomoniasis except:

A. Vaginal pH of 6.0

B. Positive amine test

C. Positive KOH test

D. Motile trichomonads present

C. Positive KOH test

The bacteria associated with desquamative inflammatory vaginitis is:

A. β -Hemolytic streptococci

B. Trichomonas vaginalis

C. Gardnerella vaginalis

D. Mycoplasma homi

A. β -Hemolytic streptococci

The protein present in vaginal secretions that can identify patients who are at risk for preterm delivery is:

A. Human chorionic gonadotropin

B. Estrogen

C. PAMG-1

D. Fetal fibronectin

D. Fetal fibronectin

Analyzing specimens obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is a method for obtaining ____ information from the lower respiratory tract

cellular, immunologic, and microbiologic

BAL is often used in con junction with highresolution computerized tomography (HRCT), medical history, and physical examination to deter mine the need for a ____

surgical biopsy

The BAL fluid obtained from healthy, nonsmoking adults without underlying lung disease is dominated by _____

alveolar macrophages (>80%).

Normal BAL may be composed of:

Alveolar macrophages: 80-90%

Lymphocytes: 5-15%

Neutrophils: 1-3%

Eosinophils: 1%

Meast cells: <1%

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), performed during ____, has gained widespread acceptance as a minimally invasive method that provides important information about immunologic, inflammatory, and infectious processes taking place at the alveolar level.

flexible bronchoscopy