apah unit 2

Geometric

Abstract geometric patterns, silhouetted human figures, and linear motifs

Orientalizing

Exotic animals and composite beasts

Archaic

Rigid, stylized human figures with the Archaic smile

Classical

Idealized proportions and naturalistic forms

Hellenistic

Emotional, dramatic, dynamic, and expressive

Doric

Simple and sturdy; columns have no base

Ionic

Slender, fluted columns with scroll-like volutes

Corinthian

Elaborate capital decorated with acanthus leaves

Frieze

Decorative horizontal band along the upper wall

Column

Vertical support with a base, shaft, and capital

Capital

Decorative top piece of a column

Flute

Vertical shallow grooves carved into a column shaft

Entasis

Slight convex curve in a column to correct optical illusion

Entablature

Horizontal structure supported by columns

Triglyph

Rectangular block in a Doric frieze with three vertical channels

Metope

Square panel between triglyphs in a Doric frieze

Cornice

Projecting upper molding along the top of an entablature

Pediment

Triangular gable end of a roof above the entablature

Cella

Main inner chamber of a temple housing the cult statue

Volutes

Spiral, scroll-like design on an Ionic capital

Architrave

Lowest section of the entablature resting directly on columns

Tholos

Circular, dome-like architectural structure or temple

Colonnade

Row of evenly spaced columns supporting a roof

Stoa

Open structure with a covered walkway and columns

Theater

Structure built into a hillside for performances

Arena

Area used for athletic events or spectacles

Orchestra

Circular ground-level area in front of a Greek theater

Kore

Clothed Archaic female statue

Kouros

Nude Archaic male statue

Archaic smile

Faint, artificial smile seen on Archaic statues

Peplos

Simple, heavy, full-length garment worn by Greek women

Chiton

Light linen tunic worn by Greek women and men

Himation

Outer cloak worn over a chiton or peplos

Encaustic

Painting technique using pigment mixed with hot wax

Cult statue

Statue of a deity housed in a temple for worship

Panathenaic procession

Festival parade held in Athens to honor Athena

Cire perdue

Lost-wax method for hollow-casting bronze statues

Canon

Mathematical rules of ideal proportion

Relief

Sculpture projecting from a flat background

Caryatid

Carved female figure serving as a structural column

Atlantid

Carved male figure serving as a structural column

Contrapposto

Pose where weight rests on one leg while the other is relaxed

Olympic Games

Athletic festival held every 4 years to honor Zeus

Hellenes

Ancient Greeks

Polis

Independent Greek city-state

Symposium

All-male drinking party for conversation and debate

Meander

Decorative geometric maze-like border pattern

Centaur

Creature with a human upper body and horse body

Gigantomachy

Mythical battle between gods and giants

Amazonomachy

Mythical battle between Greeks and Amazon warriors

Centauromachy

Mythical battle between Lapiths and centaurs

Siren

Creature that is half woman and half bird

Gorgon

Female monster with snakes for hair and a deadly gaze

Treasury

Small building used to store offerings

Satyr

Male nature spirit with horse-like features

Krater

Wide-mouthed vessel used for mixing wine and water

Amphora

Two-handled vessel used to hold oil, wine, or grain

Black-figure

Black silhouettes on a light/red clay background

Red-figure

Red figures on a black background

Bilingual

Vase featuring both black-figure and red-figure

Slip

Liquefied clay mixture used for decorating pottery

Hydria

Three-handled water jar

Pericles

Leader of Athens who funded rebuilding of the Acropolis

Alexander the Great

King who conquered the Persian Empire and spread Greek culture

Myron

Famous for the Discobolus

Polykleitos

Created the Doryphoros and established the Canon of proportions

Phidias

Chief sculptor who created the gold-and-ivory Athena statue

Praxiteles

Created softer, more elongated, humanized figures

Lysippos

Introduced slimmer proportions and dynamic movement

Iktinos

Co-architect of the Parthenon

Kallikrates

Co-architect of the Parthenon and Temple of Athena Nike

490–479 BC

Persian Wars with Greece; Greek victory helped lead to the Athenian Golden Age

335–323 BC

Time of Alexander the Great; Greek culture spread across the Near East

Black-figure technique

Figures are painted black; details are incised with a sharp tool

Step 1: Oxidizing

Air enters the vase, turning it red

Step 2: Reducing

Air is shut off, turning it black

Step 3: Oxidizing

Air enters again; unpainted clay turns red while slip stays black

Archaic sculpture

Rigid, frontal, stylized, and has the Archaic smile

Classical sculpture

Naturalistic, idealized proportions and realistic anatomy

Hellenistic sculpture

Intense emotion, dramatic action, realism, and dynamic movement

Parthenon

Peak of Classical architectural perfection; precise proportions and optical corrections