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Internet
A global network of interconnected computers.
World Wide Web (WWW)
A subset of the Internet for information retrieval.
Web Development Ecosystem
A framework of layers for web development.
Protocols
Rules governing communication between networked devices.
TCP/IP
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol suite.
Link Layer
Handles physical data transmission and error detection.
Internet Layer
Routes packets across networks using IP addresses.
IPv4
32-bit numeric IP address format.
IPv6
128-bit hexadecimal IP address format.
Transport Layer
Ensures ordered and error-free data transmission.
Application Layer
Contains protocols for web and application communication.
HTTP
Protocol for transferring hypertext documents.
SSH
Secure protocol for remote server access.
FTP
Protocol for transferring files between computers.
DNS
Translates domain names into IP addresses.
Domain Name
Human-readable address for locating resources online.
Top-Level Domain (TLD)
Last part of a domain name, indicating type.
Second-Level Domain (SLD)
Part of domain name directly before TLD.
Address Resolution
Process of mapping domain names to IP addresses.
MAC Address
Unique identifier for network hardware.
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
Protocol for non-guaranteed packet transmission.
Packet
Small unit of data transmitted over a network.
ACK
Acknowledgment signal for successful packet receipt.
Cache
Temporary storage for frequently accessed data.
Hypertext
Text displayed on a computer that links to other text.
Client-Server Interaction
Communication model between user devices and servers.
Search Algorithms
Methods for retrieving information from databases.
Security Threats
Potential risks to data integrity and confidentiality.
Frameworks
Predefined structures for building applications.
URL
Naming mechanism for requesting resources from a server.
DNS Resolver
Software agent that resolves domain names to IP addresses.
Local DNS Server
Server that caches domain name/IP address pairs locally.
Top Level Domain (TLD)
Domain category like .edu, .com, etc.
Root Name Server
Server storing addresses of TLD name servers.
GET Request
Requests data from a specified source.
POST Request
Sends data to create/update a resource.
HEAD Request
Returns header information for a document.
PUT Request
Replaces a document with enclosed data.
DELETE Request
Deletes the specified resource.
OPTIONS Request
Describes communication options for a resource.
CONNECT Request
Starts two-way communication with the resource.
TRACE Request
Echoes the exact request for diagnostics.
Response Codes
Integers indicating the state of a request.
200 OK
Successful response to a request.
404 Not Found
Indicates that the requested resource does not exist.
LAMP Stack
Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP application stack.
Web Browser
Program that requests and displays web pages.
Rendering
Interpreting HTML and assets for display.
Request Headers
Data about the client machine in requests.
Response Headers
Information about the server and data sent.
Protocol
Method used to connect to a server.
Path
Specifies unique location in a file system.
Query String
Key-value pairs for passing information in URLs.
Fragment
Requests a portion of a web page.
Port
Connection point for network communications.
Cloud Caching
Storing history/bookmarks in the cloud.
Web Application
Software accessed via web browsers on devices.
Client
Devices using web applications, like computers or smartphones.
Web Server
Stores files and serves web pages to clients.
Network
System enabling communication between clients and servers.
Local Area Network (LAN)
Small network connecting nearby computers, often intranet.
Wide Area Network (WAN)
Connects multiple LANs over long distances via routers.
Internet Service Provider (ISP)
Company providing access to the Internet via WANs.
Internet Exchange Point (IXP)
Large routers connecting multiple ISPs for data exchange.
Static Web Page
HTML document sent directly from server to browser.
Dynamic Web Page
Generated by a server-side script upon request.
Responsive Web Design (RWD)
Website adapts to various device screen sizes.
Cross-browser Compatibility
Web pages function across different web browsers.
Web Accessibility
Designing websites for users with disabilities.
Search Engine Optimization (SEO)
Organizing website content for higher search engine rankings.
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
Protocol for transferring files between client and server.
Local Machine
Computer currently being used for file transfers.
Remote Machine
Computer from/to which files are transferred.
Get Command (FTP)
Transfers a file from remote server to local machine.
Put Command (FTP)
Transfers a file from local machine to remote server.
SSH Protocol
Secure access for users and automated processes.
Post Office Protocol version 3 (POP3)
Protocol for downloading emails to a local client.
Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)
Protocol for accessing emails on a remote server.
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
Protocol for sending emails across the Internet.
Privacy
Protection of personal information during data transmission.
Integrity
Ensuring data is not altered during transmission.
Authentication
Verifying identities of parties in communication.
Nonrepudiation
Proof of message sent and received legally.
Data Hygiene
Practices ensuring the health and safety of data.
Backup Location
External storage for important data, not on hard drive.
Virus Information
Updated data to protect computers from malware.
