EARTH SCIENCE 1 - ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE

steady state theory

this theory proposes that the universe is unchanging in time and is uniform in space

end of unified forces

what era is defined by this characteristic of the universe : this is where electromagnetic and weak nuclear forces separate.

nucleosynthesis

what era is defined by this characteristic of the universe : this is where helium, deuterium and a few other elements form

electromagnetic force

this is a long ranged force that binds atom

bubble universe

Proposal that our universe is just a bubble in a much larger "multiverse", this is our own version of stars and galaxies...

leucippus and democritus

they beleieved in an atomic universe.

aristotle and ptolemy

who proposed a geocentric universe?

isaac newton, 1687

he describes the universe as static, stead state and infinite. matter is on a large scale, uniformly distributed.

cosmology

this is the study of the universe

cosmologists

they study the the structure and the changes of the present universe

true

the universe includes all the space and time

unvierse

the ___ contains all the star systems, galaxies, gas, and dust, plus all the matter and energy that exists now

religious cosmology

this explains the origin, history and evolution of the universe based on the creation mythology of a specific tradition

true

there are 6 theories of creation, however- 5 are only accepted by science.

big bang theory

the universe is believed to have started from a great explosion or expansion.

false, tiny point.

in the big bang theory, all matter was crammed into a big point called a singularity.

big bang theory

this theory was proven by the cmb, galaxies moving and nucleosynthesis and is the most accepted.

steady state theory

has no begining or end in time. unchanging evidences.

inflation theory

according to this theory, the size of the universe drastically increased.

string theory

according to this theory, the fundamental building block is a string. the strings can be closed as in loop, open as in a single strand.

m-theory or multiverse theory

this states that there are multiple universes, and all of existence (energy, matter) is found in the multiverse.

m-theory

this says that each multiverse has its own laws of physics

m-theory

This theory considers 11 space-time dimensions.

singularity

this an intensely hot and infinitely dense point, a few milimeters wide.

supercharged black hole

the singularity has been described similarly to a what?

13.7 billion years ago

how long ago did the big bang occur?

big bang, plank time, end of grand unified theory, inflation, end of unified forces, heavy particle, light particle, nucleosynthesis, recombination, galaxy formation.

name the ten components of the big bang theory timeline.

bigbang

what era is defined by this characteristic of the universe : infinitely small, infinitely dense, and infinitely hot "something as singularity"

plank time

what era is defined by this characteristic of the universe : earliest known time described by modern physics. this is where gravity separates and there is unified forces.

Grand Unified Theory

what does GUT stand for?

Grand Unified Theory (GUT)

A theory that unifies three of the four fundamental forces—the strong force, the weak force, and the electromagnetic force (but not gravity)—in a single model.

inflation

what era is defined by this characteristic of the universe : in where the size of universe drastically increased

heavy particle

what era is defined by this characteristic of the universe : this is where proton and neutron come in full swing

light particle

what era is defined by this characteristic of the universe : this is where electron and positron form

recombination

what era is defined by this characteristic of the universe : this is where matter and radiation separate

galaxy formation

what era is defined by this characteristic of the universe : this is where galaxies and other large structures form in the universe

strong force, electromagnetic force, weak force, gravitational force

give me the four fundamental forces of the bigbang theory

strong force

this is a short ranged (10-13cm) attractive force that binds nucleus

false, 10-13cm

a strong force is short ranged, about 8-9cm.

weak force

Short-ranged force present in radioactive decay

gravitational force

a weak, long-ranged, and attractive force which binds the solar system. this is also the first to separate from the forces.

true

one limitation of the big bang theory is related to flatness. it says that the geometry of the universe is almost flat.

false, its curved.

the inflation theory proposed a theory to fix the problem of flatness in the big bang theory. it says the surface we see is slightly wavy, and would appear flat even though its a sphere.

monopole

in bigbang, the _____ predicted the heavy production of heavy stable magnetic _____ however no magnetic _____ have been observed.

true

a problem of monopoles in the bigbang theory is that it has predicted a heavy production of stable magnetic monopoles, however there is no magnetic poles observed.

inflationary epoch

the inflation theory, monopoles allow the existence of the monopoles as long as they were produced prior what epoch?

horizon

what problem in the bigbang theory says that the distant regions in opposite directions of the sky are so far that they could never have been in casual contact with each other.

exponential expansion

inflation theory proposed a solution for the problem of the horizon, it assumes a ________, which means that the distant regions were actually more closer to each other prior inflation

m-theory

this theory says that our universe is just one of many bubbles. this suggests that our universe, with all its hundred galaxies may not be the only one.

parallel universe or alternate reality

this says that many worlds which exist in a parallel universe at the same space and time as our own. this is basically another copy of our universe.

membranes / extra dimension

this is a book-like page dimension, with its own physics and etc.

many worlds / quantum mechanics

this is related with parallel, different realities.

true

the strings in string theory are free to vibrate at different modes.

big crunch

the current expansion of the Universe ultimately slows, stops and then reverses to begin contracting.

scaler field

this makes gravity less with negative pressure.

cosmic inflation

the theory that the universe experienced a sudden and brief burst in size immediately after the Big Bang

branes

are two and 5 dimensional objects to which strings can attach one or both their ends

genesis

from what narrative did one of the books of the hebrew bible and the christian old testament describes how god separated light from darkness.

rigveda

what is the hindu text that describes the universe as an oscillating universe in which a somic egg contains the whole universe and expands out of a single concentrated point.

brahmanda

this is what you call the cosmic egg

bindu

this is the expanded single concentrated point

anaxagoras

he is the one who believed in a primodrial universe and explain the original state of the cosmo was primordial mixture of all its ingredients. this is where a whirling motion sifted all the ingredients.

atomic universe

this says that the universe was composed of very small, indiviisble and indesructivle atoms composed of different arrangements of eternal atoms.

stoic philosophers

they beleived that the universe is like a giant living body, where the sun and the stars as the most important parts and everything else was interconnected.

geocentric universe

this theory says that the earth stayed motionless in the heavens and everything was revolving around it

nicolaus copernicus, 1543

when and who proposed the theory of heliocentrism?

theory of heliocentrism

this demonstrated that the motions of the celestial objects can be explained without putitng eart in the center of the universe

giodarno bruno

in 1584, he suggested that even the solar system is not in the center of the universe, it is merely just another star system among an infinite multitude of others.

rene descartes

french philosopher, he made a cartesian vortex w/ newton's static infinite universe. he sags that the vacuum of space is not empty at all

gravitational effects

this is a system of huge swirling whirlpools of fine matter

albert einstein

his theory is no different from newton's, he says that the universe neither expanding nor contradicting- he added a cosmological constant.

edwin hubble

in 1929, this astronomer showed that the universe was not static.

georges lemaitre

a belgian roman catholic priest who attributed in big bang.

arno penzias and robert wilson

they discovered cmb or cosmic microwave background radiation in 1965

gravity

attraction between bodies

electromagnetic force

binds atoms

strong nuclear force

this binds protons and neutrons

weak nucler force

this breaks down an atoms nucleus

oscillating universe

this is albert eintein's favored model after rejecting his og model. this follows the the theory of general theory of relativity equations of the universe with positive curvature

fred hoyle, thomas gold and hermann bondi

who proposed the steady state theory?

alan guth

he proposed the inflation theory

cylic model

this is a variation of the inflationary model, which incorporated the ideas based on the superstring theory

paul steinhardt and neil turok

they made the cylic modl.

andrei linde

who is the russian american physicist who made the multiverse theory, of the bubbles?

hugh everett iii and bryce DeWitt

they had initiially developed and poplarized many worlds

aristotle

he is the first person to establish a geocentric univrse which a fixed, spherical earth is ath the center.

redshift

this phenomeon is observed by edwin hubble which was used to explain the expansion of the universe