APUSH Chapter 3 Study Guide: Creating Anglo-America

Vocabulary flashcards generated from APUSH Chapter 3 Study Guide notes on Creating Anglo-America, detailing key historical terms, definitions, and impacts.

King Philip’s War (1675–1676)

A bloody conflict between New England colonists and a Native alliance led by Wampanoag leader Metacom (King Philip) over land encroachment.

Solidified a distinct English racial identity as colonists viewed all Natives in a bad light.

Mercantilism

Economic theory that a nation’s power depends on wealth, achieved by exporting more than importing and using colonies for raw materials.

Impacts: Increased imperial competition and fueled the growth of the slave trade to maximize profits.

Navigation Acts

Laws passed by Parliament requiring colonial goods to be shipped on English vessels and traded primarily with England.

Impacts: (1) Stimulated the New England shipbuilding industry, but led to widespread smuggling

Iroquois League

A powerful alliance of tribes in New York that used diplomacy and warfare to dominate the fur trade.

Impacts: (1) The structural government influenced the founding fathers in the US constitution

The Carolinas

Restoration colony established as a barrier to Spanish Florida, eventually becoming a center for plantation agriculture.

Impacts: (1) Developed a major chattel-based slaver economy that represented mercantilism.

Yamasee Uprising

A rebellion by Yamasee and Creek Indians against South Carolina colonists due to debts and slave raids.

Shifted the colony further toward African slavery as Native labor became too risky.

William Penn / Quakers

Founded Pennsylvania as a "Holy Experiment" based on religious toleration, pacifism, and fair treatment of Natives.

Impacts: planted seeds for later movements advocating for human rights and religious liberty.

Slave Codes

Laws passed by colonial assemblies to regulate slavery and define enslaved people as chattel property based on race.

Created a rigid racial hierarchy that institutionalized white supremacy.

Bacon’s Rebellion (1676)

An uprising of Virginia settlers (including former servants) led by Nathaniel Bacon against Governor Berkeley’s Native policy and elite rule.

Led to the accelerated transition from indentured servitude to African slavery.

English Bill of Rights (1689)

A document passed in that limited the power of the monarch and strengthened Parliament after the glorious revolution.

impact: Reinforced the idea of representative government over absolute rule.

Dominion of New England

A super-colony created by King James II, combining New England and Mid-Atlantic colonies to tighten royal control.

Impacts: Its collapse during the Glorious Revolution showed the limits of royal authority in America.

Leisler’s Rebellion

An uprising in New York led by Jacob Leisler, who seized control following the Glorious Revolution to protect protestantism.

Divided New York politics into factions between Leislerians and anti-Leislerians.

English Toleration Act (1690)

Law allowing all Protestants to worship freely, effectively ending the Puritan monopoly on government in Massachusetts.

Impacts: allowing all protestants to build churches and schools without fear of arrest

Salem Witch Trials (1692)

A period of mass hysteria in Massachusetts where dozens were accused of witchcraft, reflecting social and religious anxieties.

Impacts: (1) Shifted foundational principal’s of courts to innocent until proven guilty

Staple Crops / Cash Crops

Staple - Crops grown primarily to provide food for the local population rather than for sale or export.

Cash - Crops grown primarily for sale and profit, often exported to Europe or other colonies.

Made colonies money through trade and led to the growth of plantations and slavery, especially in the South. Provided food for colonists and helped colonies become self-sufficient.

Anglicization

The process by which American colonists became more culturally English, adopting British fashion, architecture, and consumer habits.

Created a shared identity among the Americans that gave them tools to rebel against Britain.

Coverture

Legal principle where a married woman’s legal identity was absorbed by her husband’s, leaving her with no right to own property or sign contracts.

Limited women’s economic independence, making them dependent on male relatives.

Blue Laws

Colonial laws designed to enforce religious morality, particularly by banning work, travel, or entertainment on the Sabbath.

Impacts: Demonstrated the strong influence of religion on civil law