IT-312 Systems Integration and Architecture Preliminary Examination Reviewer

Vocabulary flashcards generated from the IT-312 Preliminary Examination Reviewer covering system architecture, integration concepts, enterprise systems, OSI layers, system qualities, and development methodologies.

System Architecture

Refers to the structural design and layout of interconnected components within a system, describing how different parts are organized and work together.

Presentation Layer (System Architecture)

The architectural layer primarily associated with the user interface, responsible for how information is presented to and interacted with by users.

Application Layer (System Architecture)

The architectural layer commonly associated with the business logic of an application, containing the functions and processes that implement operations.

Data Layer

The architectural layer commonly associated with the database and data management of a system.

Modular System

A system divided into modules or components that can be independently developed and maintained, making it easier to manage and modify.

System

A combination of interconnected components working together to achieve a specific goal, which may include hardware, software, people, and processes.

Information System (IS)

A combination of technology, people, and processes that manage and distribute information.

System Integration

The process of bringing multiple systems together so they function as a unified whole.

Heterogeneous Systems

Different systems developed separately that need to communicate and work together, potentially using different technologies, platforms, or applications.

Interoperability

The ability of different systems to communicate and exchange data in a useful way.

Software System

A system consisting of applications designed to perform specific tasks or provide services, such as a database.

Hardware System

A system consisting of physical technology components such as computers, servers, routers, and IoT devices.

Distributed System

A system where components are located on different networked computers and communicate with each other to achieve a common goal, such as a cloud computing platform.

ERP

Enterprise Resource Planning; a common enterprise system that may need to be integrated with other systems.

CRM

Customer Relationship Management; a common enterprise system that may need integration with other systems.

OSI Model

Open Systems Interconnection model; a seven-layer model used to describe how communication occurs between systems over a network.

Application Layer (OSI Model)

Layer 7 of the OSI model; the highest layer that directly serves end-user software such as web browsers and email clients.

HTTP

An example of an Application Layer protocol in the OSI model.

FTP

A protocol commonly associated with transferring files.

Presentation Layer (OSI Model)

The layer of the OSI model that prepares data through encoding, encryption, and compression.

Session Layer

The layer of the OSI model that creates, maintains, and terminates communication sessions between applications, and can establish checkpoints for data recovery.

Transport Layer

The layer of the OSI model responsible for breaking data into segments, as well as performing flow control and error control.

Network Layer

The layer of the OSI model responsible for routing packets, commonly using IP addresses.

Data Link Layer

The layer of the OSI model that breaks packets into frames, associated with LLC (Logical Link Control) and MAC (Media Access Control).

MAC (Media Access Control)

A component of the Data Link Layer that uses MAC addresses to identify devices and help define permissions to transmit and receive data.

LLC

Logical Link Control; one of two components associated with the Data Link Layer.

Physical Layer

The layer of the OSI model responsible for transmitting raw data as bits, associated with connectors, electrical cables, and wireless technology.

Scalability

Refers to a system's ability to handle increased users, data, or functionality without major architectural changes.

Redundancy

Involves incorporating backup components so the system can continue operating during a failure.

Security

Focuses on protecting system data, services, and operations from unauthorized access and attacks.

Monolithic Architecture

An architectural style that builds the entire application as a single unit.

Microservices Architecture

An architectural style that breaks a system into independent, loosely coupled services.

Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)

An architecture in which services are designed primarily to be reusable components.

Source System

The system where data originates.

Target System

The system that receives or consumes data from another system.

Middleware

Software used to help connect different systems and facilitate communication or data exchange.

Message Broker

An example of middleware that helps systems exchange messages and communicate with one another.

Subsystem

A smaller system within a larger system.

Waterfall

A development methodology that follows a structured and sequential approach where activities proceed through defined stages.

Rapid Application Development (RAD)

A development methodology focusing on rapid development and emphasizing producing applications quickly through an accelerated process.

Agile

A development methodology that emphasizes flexibility, iterative development, and responding to changing requirements.

DevOps

Combines development and operations practices to improve collaboration and the delivery of software.